In modern society, people are constantly surveilling themselves to ensure that they fit into socially acceptable norms. This process is known as internalized surveillance. One group of individuals who may be particularly affected by this phenomenon is bisexuals. Bisexuals often face scrutiny from both heterosexual and homosexual communities for their attraction to more than one gender. This can lead to feelings of shame, guilt, and confusion about their own identity. As a result, they may engage in self-monitoring to avoid judgment or rejection.
Internalized surveillance is defined as "the process by which an individual monitors his/her behavior, thoughts, and emotions so that he/she conforms to the expectations of others" (Fiske, 1984). For bisexuals, this means constantly monitoring their appearance, behavior, and actions to ensure that they conform to stereotypical representations of bisexuality. They may feel pressure to present themselves in certain ways, such as dressing a certain way or acting a certain way, to avoid being labeled as promiscuous or untrustworthy. This constant self-surveillance can take a toll on their mental health, leading to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.
One study found that bisexuals experience higher rates of psychological distress compared to gay and lesbian individuals (Burack & Ream, 2011). This may be due in part to the unique challenges they face when it comes to internalized surveillance. Unlike other groups, bisexuals do not have a clear community identity or support network. They are often caught between two cultures and must navigate different social norms depending on who they are with. This can create feelings of isolation and dissonance, leading to increased stress and negative self-perceptions.
In addition to external pressures from society, bisexuals may also struggle with self-stigma. Self-stigma refers to the beliefs about one's own identity that are influenced by societal attitudes. Bisexuals may believe that they are less desirable or worthy than heterosexuals or homosexuals, which can lead to further internalization of negative messages about themselves (Herek, Gillis, Cochran, Mays, & Douglass, 2009). This can result in decreased self-esteem, confidence, and overall wellbeing.
Society's narrow view of sexuality is another factor that contributes to bisexual individuals' experiences of internalized surveillance. The idea that people are either "straight" or "gay" creates a binary system that does not allow for the existence of multiple orientations. As a result, many bisexuals feel forced to choose one label over the other, which can cause confusion and self-doubt. This lack of acceptance can make it difficult for them to fully express their true selves without fear of judgment or rejection.
Despite these challenges, there are ways that bisexual individuals can cope with internalized surveillance. One strategy is to seek out supportive communities and resources, such as LGBTQ+ organizations or online forums. These groups provide a safe space where they can be authentic and explore their identities without fear of judgment.
Therapy or counseling can help them work through feelings of anxiety or depression related to their sexual orientation.
Practicing self-compassion and self-acceptance can help bisexuals develop a more positive relationship with their identity.
Bisexual individuals may experience unique challenges when it comes to internalized surveillance. They may struggle with external pressures from society, self-stigma, and societal biases.
Seeking support and practicing self-care can help mitigate some of these effects. By recognizing and embracing their own identity, bisexual individuals can break free from the cycle of self-monitoring and live more authentically.
How do bisexual individuals experience internalized surveillance — the constant self-monitoring born of anticipated judgment?
Bisexual individuals can feel a constant pressure to conform to heteronormative and monosexist standards due to their sexual orientation. This can lead them to constantly monitor themselves for signs of "non-normativity" and "deviant" behavior, resulting in feelings of shame, guilt, and self-doubt. They may also fear being outed or ostracized by others who do not understand or accept their identity.