Internalized stigma refers to the process through which individuals adopt societal views about themselves that are detrimental to their wellbeing and performance. This can result from experiencing discrimination and prejudice based on certain characteristics such as race, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, or socioeconomic status. Internalized stigma leads to feelings of shame, low self-esteem, and negative self-evaluation. This has been linked to various health problems such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and suicide attempts. Negative self-evaluation is defined as an individual's judgment of one's own worthiness or competence relative to others.
How supportive networks buffer against internalized stigma and negative self-evaluation?
Supportive networks refer to groups or individuals who provide emotional and practical assistance in times of need. Research has shown that these networks play a crucial role in reducing the impact of internalized stigma and negative self-evaluation. According to studies, people with supportive networks report higher levels of self-worth, better mental health outcomes, and lower incidence of suicidal ideation.
A study conducted among LGBTQ+ youth found that those with strong social connections had lower rates of depressive symptoms compared to those without social support.
A recent meta-analysis showed that people with stronger social ties tend to have more positive self-views than those with weaker ones.
Mechanisms by which supportive networks reduce internalized stigma and negative self-evaluation
1. Reduces isolation and increases social connection
Supportive networks help individuals feel less alone, isolated, and vulnerable. They create a sense of belonging, acceptance, and security, which counteracts the negative effects of societal prejudice and discrimination. By providing a safe space for individuals to express their experiences, supportive networks encourage them to see themselves as valuable members of society. This leads to increased confidence, self-esteem, and resilience.
2. Provides access to resources and opportunities
Supportive networks offer practical support such as information, advice, financial aid, job opportunities, and housing. These resources can empower individuals to pursue their goals and dreams despite facing challenges related to internalized stigma. This boosts their self-confidence, self-efficacy, and self-respect.
3. Promotes positive identity development
Supportive networks promote positive identity development by validating individual identities and encouraging personal growth. Individuals who receive validation from others are likely to view themselves in a more positive light. In addition, socializing with like-minded people fosters a sense of community and collective action, enabling them to challenge negative stereotypes and advocate for their rights.
4. Offers emotional support
Emotional support is critical in times of distress. Supportive networks provide empathy, understanding, and compassion that enable individuals to cope with difficult situations. This reduces feelings of shame and guilt associated with internalized stigma. It also enhances emotional regulation, improves mental health outcomes, and promotes resilience.
Supportive networks play an essential role in reducing the impact of internalized stigma and negative self-evaluation. They reduce isolation, increase social connection, offer practical assistance, promote positive identity development, and provide emotional support. Therefore, policymakers should invest in creating and strengthening these networks through programs such as mentorship schemes, peer support groups, and community events.
Individuals should actively seek out supportive networks and nurture existing relationships to improve their wellbeing and performance.
How do supportive networks buffer against internalized stigma and negative self-evaluation?
Researchers have proposed that social support systems can mitigate the effects of internalized stigma by providing individuals with a sense of belongingness and acceptance, which can help reduce feelings of shame and guilt associated with their identity (Hatzenbuehler & Phelan, 2013).