Sexual activity can reduce levels of the stress hormone cortisol, also known as the "fight or flight" hormone. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stressful situations such as fear or danger. During these times, it prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate and blood pressure, constricting blood vessels, and raising sugar levels. This can be beneficial in short bursts but too much cortisol can lead to long-term health problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
There are several theories about why sex may help reduce cortisol levels. One theory suggests that orgasm releases endorphins, natural painkillers that act like opioids. Another theory proposes that orgasm causes a release of oxytocin, which has calming effects. Oxytocin is also released during breastfeeding and hugging, so it could be related to bonding behaviors. Some studies have found that oxytocin levels increase after sexual activity, while others have found no significant difference.
Research has shown that regular sexual activity can lower cortisol levels over time. For example, one study found that men who had intercourse at least twice a week had significantly lower cortisol levels than those who had less frequent sex. The same was true for women who engaged in more frequent masturbation. Other research has suggested that couples who engage in more frequent sex tend to have higher relationship satisfaction and lower levels of stress.
While there are some benefits to reducing cortisol levels through sexual activity, it's important to note that it shouldn't be used as a primary method of coping with stress. Engaging in risky behaviors such as unprotected sex or having multiple partners can actually increase stress levels. It's best to focus on building resilience and developing healthy habits such as exercise, mindfulness, and social support networks. However, incorporating sexual activities into a healthy lifestyle can provide additional benefits such as better sleep, increased intimacy, and improved self-esteem.