Vaginal discharge is natural and healthy but if it becomes excessive, changes color or smell or causes pain during urination or sex, then you may have a problem. Yeast infection and bacterial vaginosis are common problems caused by a change in pH balance of the vagina. Vaginas naturally produce acids to maintain their pH at about 4.5 which can help prevent both conditions. Here's how.
Yeast infection is caused by an overgrowth of yeast called Candida albicans. This can be triggered by hormonal changes or certain medications. It often results in white clumpy discharge, redness and irritation around the opening of the vagina, itching and burning sensation when urinating and sex. Treatment involves antifungal creams, tablets or suppositories available over the counter but they might require a doctor's prescription. Antibiotics should not be used as these can kill off good bacteria that protect against BV.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs when there is an imbalance between "good" bacteria and "bad" bacteria in your vagina. This condition has no symptoms but women who do experience symptoms such as grayish-white discharge with fishy odor, burning and itching may seek treatment. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy but prevention through a healthy diet, proper hygiene, avoiding douches and scented products could also reduce risk.
The acidity of the vagina helps keep it at a slightly basic level which prevents the growth of bad bacteria like E. coli and G. vaginalis that cause BV. Lactobacillus is a beneficial bacteria found naturally in the vagina and produces lactic acid which maintains pH levels. Women with low acidity are more prone to BV.
To promote a healthy balance of good bacteria, eat probiotic foods like yogurt, cottage cheese, kefir, miso soup, sauerkraut, tempeh, pickles, kimchi, and fermented vegetables. Practice safe sex and take showers instead of baths since hot water and soaps can strip away natural oils from the skin. Avoid tight clothes and synthetic materials that trap heat and moisture. Wear cotton underwear only during menstruation or after exercising.
Maintain a clean and dry area around your vulva and avoid overwashing the genitals. Change tampons and pads regularly and avoid leaving them in for long periods. Avoid douching as this disrupts the natural flora of the vagina and increases the risk of BV. Keep the vaginal area dry after urination and use an unscented soap without irritants when washing.
The acidic environment in the vagina helps prevent yeast infections by killing off Candida albicans and maintaining a balanced microbiome. The ideal level of acidity is 4.5 but it changes throughout a woman's cycle due to hormonal fluctuations. During ovulation, the body produces less acid which makes women more susceptible to these conditions. Maintaining proper hygiene and dietary habits can help reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Conclusion: By understanding the role of acidity in the vagina's healthy functioning, you can help promote a balance of good bacteria and protect against common infections. Eat probiotic foods, practice safe sex, avoid douches and scented products, and maintain proper hygiene. If you experience any unusual symptoms, speak with your doctor who may prescribe medication or recommend lifestyle changes.