Post-Soviet Contexts
The fall of communism and the rise of capitalist economies have had profound effects on gender roles and sexuality around the world. As nations emerge from totalitarian systems, they must contend with new social structures that emphasize individualism, consumerism, and neoliberal values. Queer identities, which were often repressed during Soviet rule, have begun to reemerge in post-Soviet contexts.
These identities are still marginalized and misunderstood due to the continued influence of national myths that promote traditional gender norms. In this article, I will explore how national myths limit queer identities, how narratives can be reclaimed, and what cultural memory might look like when queerness is central.
National Myths
National myths are stories that shape a nation's identity, history, and culture. They typically celebrate national heroes, victories, or values, and provide a sense of continuity between past and present. In post-Soviet contexts, however, national myths often perpetuate heteronormativity and cisgenderism, excluding non-heterosexual and non-cisgender identities.
Many countries have national holidays that celebrate male soldiers who fought for their country, but do not recognize the contributions of LGBTQ+ individuals who also served. These myths reinforce the idea that only certain types of people are worthy of recognition, leaving queer individuals feeling isolated and invisible.
Reclaiming Narratives
Despite the challenges posed by national myths, some queer communities have found ways to reclaim their own narratives. Many artists, activists, and writers have created works that challenge dominant myths and offer alternative perspectives on sexuality and gender.
Some authors have written fiction about queer characters living in Soviet-era Russia, challenging the notion that queerness was absent during that time. Activist groups have organized marches and protests to demand greater visibility and inclusion. By reframing national myths through their own lens, queer communities have been able to claim their place within larger societal narratives.
Cultural Memory
As queer identities become more visible, cultural memory will likely shift to reflect this change. Queer individuals will be recognized as contributors to society, rather than marginalized outsiders. Historical events and figures may be reinterpreted through a queer lens, offering new insights into the past and present.
There is still work to be done to combat lingering homophobia and transphobia. Anti-discrimination laws must be implemented, education programs must be developed, and public attitudes must continue to evolve. In doing so, post-Soviet nations can create a more inclusive society where all identities are valued and celebrated.
In post-Soviet contexts, how do national myths marginalize queer identities, how are narratives reclaimed, and what might cultural memory look like when queerness is central?
The historical oppression of queer people can be traced back to colonialism and imperialism that led to homophobic policies in several countries. The post-Soviet era saw the rise of communist regimes that were against capitalism and advocated for equality among all people, but this did not apply to the LGBTQ+ community. Queer individuals experienced marginalization through the erasure of their identity from mainstream culture, media, and history.