Happiness and well-being are concepts that have been studied extensively within the field of psychology. They refer to an individual's overall level of subjective satisfaction with their life and emotional state.
These terms are typically defined from a heteronormative perspective, which means they do not take into account the unique experiences and perspectives of individuals who identify as LGBTQ+. This lack of inclusivity can lead to misconceptions about what constitutes happiness and well-being for queer individuals. To adapt theories of happiness and well-being to reflect the lived experience of queer people, it is essential to consider how factors such as sexual orientation, gender identity, and relationship status impact psychological fulfillment.
One way to begin this process is to examine the role of social support in queer lives. Research has shown that LGBTQ+ individuals often face greater levels of discrimination and stigma than their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts. This can result in feelings of isolation, loneliness, and depression. Social support networks, including friends, family members, and community organizations, play a crucial role in helping individuals cope with these challenges.
Researchers have found that gay men who live in areas where same-sex marriage is legalized report higher levels of happiness compared to those living in states without legal recognition (Fredriksen-Goldsen & Kim, 2013). In addition, studies suggest that belonging to a community or group can help reduce stress and promote mental health among queer individuals (Cochran et al., 2015).
Another factor that affects happiness and well-being among queer individuals is identity development. Gender expression and sexuality are central components of one's sense of self, and there may be some conflict between an individual's internal sense of self and society's expectations. This discrepancy can lead to feelings of anxiety, confusion, and distress.
Transgender individuals may struggle with societal expectations of what constitutes masculinity or femininity (Bakker et al., 2014). They may also experience pressure from loved ones or peers to conform to certain gender norms (Hartmann et al., 2017). This can lead to negative emotions such as shame, guilt, and low self-esteem.
Relatedly, relationship satisfaction is another important component of psychological fulfillment for many people. Research suggests that LGBTQ+ individuals often face unique challenges when it comes to finding and maintaining romantic partnerships.
They may encounter prejudice and discrimination from potential mates who do not accept their identity (Mays & Cochran, 2001).
The process of coming out can create tension within families and social circles, making it difficult to form close relationships (Garnets, 2016).
Research has found that same-sex couples tend to report higher levels of intimacy than heterosexual couples, possibly due to a greater emphasis on equality and mutual support in LGBTQ+ relationships (Lambert et al., 2019).
Adapting theories of happiness and well-being to reflect queer lived experience requires acknowledging the impact of factors such as social support, identity development, and relationship status. It also involves recognizing that these concepts are not static but dynamic and evolving over time. By doing so, we can create a more inclusive understanding of what constitutes happiness and well-being and promote mental health among all individuals.
How can theories of happiness and well-being be adapted to reflect queer lived experience and psychological fulfillment?
Incorporating theories of happiness and well-being into the context of queer lived experiences is essential as it provides an opportunity for queer individuals to feel more connected to society while also recognizing their uniqueness. This allows them to explore new possibilities, identify strengths, and gain self-awareness. Additionally, it helps queer people understand how their identity affects their relationships with others, which can lead to greater satisfaction and fulfillment.