Sacred Prostitution was a common practice in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly during the Neo-Assyrian period (912–612 BCE), where it was associated with religious rituals and offerings to various deities including Ishtar, Shamash, and Anu. It is believed that women who engaged in this practice were known as "temple prostitutes," and their services were offered at temples dedicated to these gods. They served both male and female worshippers, providing physical pleasure while also offering spiritual guidance and support. The purpose of sacred prostitution was to promote fertility and ensure the continued prosperity of the land and its inhabitants. As such, it was considered an important part of the cultural and religious life of the time. This practice has been studied extensively by scholars, who have uncovered numerous texts detailing its practices and significance in ancient Mesopotamian society.
The practice of sacred prostitution involved sexual acts between temple prostitutes and temple visitors, which were seen as a way to honor and please the deities they worshiped. Temple prostitutes were often young and attractive women chosen for their beauty and their ability to provide comfort and solace to those seeking divine favor. In some cases, they may have been slaves or captives taken from other cultures, but they could also come from wealthy families and enter into the profession voluntarily. Temples provided them with food, clothing, and housing in exchange for their services. Their clients included not only men, but also women, children, and even animals. Sacred prostitution was typically conducted within the confines of the temple itself, though there are records of public performances as well. These performances would often involve elaborate costumes and choreographed dances designed to evoke the power and sensuality of the deities being honored.
Sacred prostitution had significant social and economic implications for the people of Mesopotamia. For one thing, it provided a source of income for many women who might otherwise be unable to find employment. It also contributed to the overall economy by bringing in revenue from both locals and foreigners who came to visit the temples specifically for this purpose. Additionally, it served as a symbolic representation of fertility and abundance, reflecting the importance placed on these values in Mesopotamian culture. However, there is evidence that some people viewed sacred prostitution negatively, considering it an abomination and a corruption of religious practice. This led to attempts at regulation, including laws prohibiting sex outside marriage, as well as punishments for those who engaged in it.