The concept of peer group can be defined as "people who are similar to one another and share common interests". Peer groups play an important role in developing individual personalities and shaping self-perception. It is evident that children develop their identity based on how they interact with others and how these interactions influence them. When individuals belong to a certain peer group, it affects their behavior, attitude, values, thoughts, beliefs, goals, and aspirations. They start imitating those around them, including their peers. This leads to the development of a distinct personality which may differ from that of adults. As an example, if someone belongs to a group where drug usage is prevalent, they will probably engage in this activity themselves and see no reason for changing it. Their own judgment might change due to the impact of the environment. Also, having friends or acquaintances with negative attitudes towards life and people could lead to adopting such attitudes oneself. If a child belongs to a peer group where education is prioritized, they will likely have higher grades than those who do not. Hence, belonging to certain social networks shapes personality development and self-perception.
There are four main factors that shape personality development. The first factor is heredity. This means that genetics plays a significant role in determining our traits, abilities, skills, and behaviors. Someone's family members also have a strong impact on their character. Secondly, environmental experiences affect a person's development. This includes exposure to different situations, events, and environments. Thirdly, temperament refers to innate characteristics such as aggressiveness, shyness, persistence, impulsivity, sociability, etc.
The last factor is cognition and learning - how we think about ourselves and others. These four factors can be influenced by active participation in peer networks. Children tend to adapt to the culture of their peers and internalize their behavioral patterns.
A child who has close friendships with other children who excel at school would most likely develop good study habits and achieve better academic results.
If someone grows up around individuals who drink alcohol, they may end up doing so too. Therefore, peer groups shape personality development through these four mechanisms.
Another way that peer groups influence personality development is through role modeling. We all learn from each other. By observing others' actions, thoughts, and emotions, we can pick up new things that help us grow. Being surrounded by people who are confident and motivated could make an individual feel more confident themselves and become determined to reach their goals. In contrast, being around someone who lacks self-esteem or is negative might cause one to adopt similar attitudes. Role models shape our self-perception because we compare ourselves to them.
Watching athletes train for competitions encourages physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices. Moreover, seeing successful entrepreneurs inspires us to pursue business opportunities. Thus, it is evident that peer networks influence personality development.
To what extent does active participation in peer networks shape personality development and self-perception?
While it is generally accepted that social interactions can influence one's personality development and self-perception, researchers continue to debate the specific role of peer networks in this process. Some studies suggest that spending time with peers who exhibit positive behaviors and attitudes may contribute to the formation of healthy self-esteem and confidence.