Gendered behaviors in adolescence are shaped by a combination of socialization, biology, and peer norms. Socialization refers to the process by which individuals learn about gender roles and expectations through their environment and culture. Biological factors such as hormones and brain development play a role in determining some aspects of behavior, but they do not determine all aspects of behavior. Peer norms also influence behavior, as adolescents look to their peers for guidance on what is appropriate behavior for their age group. It is important to consider all three factors when trying to understand why certain behaviors are considered masculine or feminine.
Socialization shapes gendered behaviors by teaching adolescents how to behave according to society's expectations.
Boys may be taught that it is acceptable to be aggressive and compete while girls may be taught that it is more appropriate to be cooperative and nurturing. These messages can be conveyed through media, family, school, religion, and other institutions. Adolescents may internalize these messages and begin to act accordingly.
Biological factors can also play a role in gendered behaviors. Hormones can affect mood, energy levels, and sexual desire, which can impact behavior. Brain development can also affect behavior, particularly in areas related to risk-taking and impulsivity.
Peer norms are another factor influencing gendered behaviors. Adolescents often look to their peers for cues on what is socially acceptable behavior. If most of their friends exhibit a particular behavior, they may feel pressure to conform. This can lead to exaggerated versions of the behavior, which may be perceived as gendered.
If all of an adolescent's friends are interested in sports, they may begin to identify themselves as athletic and masculine, even if biology or socialization do not necessarily predispose them towards those traits.
Gendered behaviors in adolescence are influenced by a complex interplay between socialization, biology, and peer norms. While some aspects of behavior may be determined by biology, there is no single explanation for why certain behaviors are considered feminine or masculine. Understanding the multiple factors involved in shaping gendered behaviors can help us better understand how to support and empower adolescents in making choices that align with their values and goals.
Are gendered behaviors in adolescence influenced more by socialization, biology, or peer norms?
One of the most interesting debates among psychologists is whether human behavior during adolescence is determined primarily by innate differences between males and females or by socialization that encourages individuals to conform to particular gender roles. Biologically, there are certain differences between boys and girls that might affect their behavior, such as differences in hormone levels, brain development, and muscle mass (Levant & Pollack, 1995).