There has been an increasing recognition of the diversity of sexual orientations and gender identities across different cultures around the world.
This awareness is not uniform and varies considerably depending on the region.
Some parts of the world are more conservative and less tolerant than others when it comes to LGBTQIA+ people's rights. One such region is Latin America, where homophobia and transphobia are still prevalent despite the efforts of queer activists who have fought for their rights.
The cultural practices, indigenous relationalities, and social formations that shape queer activism in South America differ from those found in North America or Europe. In fact, they challenge dominant global narratives about what it means to be gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex, asexual, non-binary, pansexual, polyamorous, etc., while also highlighting the importance of community solidarity and collective action.
One example of these unique cultural practices is the concept of "chapetones," which refers to the idea that same-sex relationships are not necessarily exclusive but rather part of a larger network of emotional connections between individuals. This practice is rooted in the belief that love and intimacy can exist beyond traditional monogamy and heteronormativity. Chapetones may involve multiple partners, both within and outside of the immediate family unit, and are often based on mutual trust, respect, and affection. They emphasize the importance of shared experiences, rituals, and traditions rather than romantic love alone.
Another significant aspect is the role of gender fluidity in many indigenous communities throughout South America. Many cultures recognize and celebrate diverse genders, including two-spirit and third-gender identities. This has influenced contemporary queer activism in the region by challenging binary conceptions of sex, sexuality, and identity.
Some activists argue that the recognition of a wide range of genders promotes diversity and inclusion, and that all people should have access to equal rights regardless of their gender expression.
Social formations such as collectivist cultures and communal living arrangements shape the way queer activism unfolds in South America. Collectivism prioritizes group interests over individual needs, leading to greater solidarity among marginalized groups. Communally organized spaces allow for greater freedom and safety for queer individuals who may face discrimination or violence when living with their families or in more urban environments. These practices emphasize community support and collective action as crucial aspects of queer liberation.
The unique cultural practices, indigenous relationalities, and social formations shaping queer activism in South America challenge dominant global narratives about what it means to be LGBTQIA+. While there is still much work to be done, these practices provide valuable insights into alternative ways of being and loving that can inform broader conversations about gender, sexuality, and identity.
What unique cultural practices, indigenous relationalities and social formations have shaped queer activism in South America, and how might these challenge dominant global narratives?
Queer activism in South America has been shaped by unique cultural practices, indigenous relationalities, and social formations that differ from those found in other regions of the world. The experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals in this region are often framed within the context of colonialism and neo-colonialism, which have led to the erasure and marginalization of queer identities.