Archives are important repositories for historical records that document the past, but they also have the power to exclude certain voices and perspectives from history. This essay will explore how archives function as both tools of preservation and instruments of exclusion by examining their role in shaping narratives about the past and marginalizing the experiences of underrepresented groups.
One way in which archives can perpetuate exclusion is through their selection process. Archival institutions often prioritize materials that reflect dominant cultural norms, such as those related to white male leaders or prominent figures in politics and business. As a result, the stories of women, people of color, LGBTQ+ individuals, and other historically marginalized groups may be neglected or ignored entirely.
Many archives do not have extensive collections related to African American history because they were destroyed during slavery or segregation eras.
Archivists may lack training in identifying relevant materials or may not see the value in collecting them due to their own biases.
Another factor contributing to exclusions in archives is their physical organization and accessibility. Archivists often categorize materials according to broad topics like "politics" or "business," which obscure more nuanced and personal experiences within those fields.
Some archives may be located far away from where marginalized communities live, making it difficult or impossible for them to access the materials. Similarly, digital archives may require advanced technology or technical expertise to use, further excluding non-technical users.
Archives can also reinforce existing power structures by privileging particular interpretations of history. By selecting certain documents for preservation while omitting others, archives create a narrative about what is important or significant in the past. This can lead to a skewed understanding of historical events and a lack of context for current issues affecting underrepresented groups.
An archive focused on colonialism might omit indigenous perspectives or minimize their role in resisting colonization, perpetuating stereotypes about Native Americans as passive victims rather than active participants in history.
Archives also play a crucial role in preserving our cultural heritage and promoting understanding of the past. They provide a wealth of primary sources that allow us to better understand how individuals lived, thought, and acted in different times and places. By highlighting diverse voices and stories, archives can challenge dominant narratives and expand our understanding of history. Some institutions are taking steps to address these concerns, such as creating programs that prioritize the acquisition and preservation of materials related to underrepresented groups and providing access to digital collections via public libraries or community centers.
While archives serve as valuable resources for research and education, they must be used critically and responsibly to avoid perpetuating exclusions. Archivists should strive to collect and make accessible records from all communities and perspectives, using inclusive language and approaches to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities to engage with the past.
How do archives function as both tools of preservation and instruments of exclusion?
Archives serve as both tools for safeguarding historical records and sources that could be lost due to accidents or natural disasters while also serving as instruments of exclusion by allowing access to specific groups or individuals. While providing valuable information about the past, they can reinforce cultural biases and discrimination based on gender, race, social class, religion, sexual orientation, and other factors.