How sexual fantasies can lead to risky behavior: understanding the science behind our desires

Sexual fantasies are private thoughts about sexual activities that people have while awake. They can be about any imaginable sexual act, including acts that one would never do in real life, such as rape or incest. Fantasy involves sensory details, like what someone looks like and sounds like. It also involves feelings, like excitement, fear, embarrassment, and desire. Fantasies can involve oneself, others, fictional characters, or animals. Some people may fantasize about their partner(s), but most often it is with strangers. Fantasizing activates brain regions involved in reward, which are similar to those active during drug use. These include the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, which release dopamine when something pleasurable happens, making us want more of it. Dopamine increases activity in these areas. This may explain why many people engage in risky sexual behaviors they wouldn't otherwise, increasing the chances of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unwanted pregnancies. In addition to increased risk for STDs and pregnancy, some researchers believe that pornography addiction may increase the frequency of sexual crimes against women and children. However, other studies suggest that pornography use does not increase the likelihood of committing sexual crimes. Sexual fantasies can occur spontaneously or purposefully. Some people use them to relieve boredom, stress, anxiety, depression, or loneliness. Others may have low self-esteem or feel guilty about their desires. Still, others may be trying to cope with past trauma. People who find themselves thinking about sexual fantasies frequently may benefit from therapy to address underlying issues. While sexual fantasies are common, some people may feel ashamed or embarrassed by them. Others may worry that they reflect poorly on their relationship or that their partner will judge them if they know. There are ways to communicate with a partner about fantasies without judgment, including roleplaying, costumes, and props. Sexual fantasies activate brain regions involved in reward because of their sensory and emotional components. They can provide pleasure but also carry risks. Pornography use may lead to an increased risk of STDs and unwanted pregnancies, but it doesn't necessarily cause sexual crime. If someone is having frequent or problematic sexual fantasies, seeking professional help may be necessary. Communicating honestly and openly with a partner about them can enhance intimacy and avoid misunderstandings.