Testosterone is often associated with male sexual functioning but it plays an important role in female sexual response as well. In both males and females, testosterone regulates desire for sex, sexual attraction, sexual behavior, and orgasmic responsiveness. It also contributes to erection quality in men and vaginal lubrication in women. Without sufficient amounts of testosterone, the brain may send reduced signals of pleasure during physical touch or intercourse.
When discussing testosterone, it's helpful to distinguish between total and free levels. Total testosterone refers to all forms of this hormone, including bound or unbound proteins, while free testosterone refers only to unbound forms that can enter cells and exert effects. Both total and free testosterone contribute to libido; however, low free testosterone can be more problematic since it indicates impaired cellular uptake. Free testosterone levels are typically measured using blood tests.
In males, low testosterone can lead to diminished sexual interest, arousal, and satisfaction. Erectile dysfunction and delayed ejaculation can result from decreased testosterone production. Testosterone replacement therapy is often used to improve these symptoms, although it can have potential side effects such as acne, hair loss, and mood changes.
In females, testosterone deficiency can cause a range of issues including low libido, fatigue, muscle weakness, and hot flashes. Some research suggests that estrogen and progesterone supplementation may benefit postmenopausal women who have low testosterone levels without hysterectomy. However, these treatments must be carefully monitored by medical professionals due to potential risks like breast cancer and clotting disorders.
Testosterone plays an important role in both male and female sexual functioning. Insufficient amounts can reduce desire for sex, physical attraction, orgasmic response, pleasure sensations, and ability to achieve climax. Measuring free testosterone levels can help identify underlying causes of reduced libido, which may involve medication or lifestyle changes rather than hormonal treatment.