In a world where assimilation is demanded as the price for acceptance, what might justice entail? This is an inquiry that has preoccupied sociologists, anthropologists, lawyers, politicians, and activists for centuries. In their own ways, these specialists have explored how different peoples have negotiated this issue and sought to establish justice. From a legal perspective, justice may require respect for cultural differences without discrimination.
Some countries have passed laws prohibiting discrimination based on culture, religion, race, gender, etc.
Enforcing such laws can be challenging, especially if there are no clear definitions of discrimination.
Assimilation refers to the process through which individuals or groups adopt new customs and behaviors to conform to mainstream norms. According to historian Nancy Foner, it is often accompanied by the loss of ethnic identity, culture, language, and heritage. Assimilation does not necessarily result from coercion but often comes about due to changes in circumstances, including migration, economic opportunities, and social integration. When people are forced to assimilate, they usually feel alienated and oppressed, leading to social tensions. Hence, justice should seek to address the root causes of these issues rather than the symptoms.
One way of ensuring justice is by promoting diversity and multiculturalism. Multiculturalism involves the recognition and appreciation of diverse cultures, traditions, and practices. It encompasses tolerance, mutual understanding, and inclusion of all cultures. It advocates for equal treatment of all cultures regardless of their origin. The concept was introduced in Canada in the 1970s as a means of recognizing indigenous cultures while encouraging immigrants to participate fully in Canadian society. In Europe, the term 'interculturalism' has been used to refer to this approach.
In multicultural societies, individuals retain their identities while embracing others. This allows them to appreciate each other's differences without stigmatization.
Canadians celebrate various festivals such as Diwali (Hindu festival), Chinese New Year, and Passover (Jewish holiday) alongside Christmas and Easter. Thus, they avoid homogenizing cultural expressions while celebrating them together. Justice can be achieved through policies that promote equality and equity among different groups. This requires eliminating discrimination based on culture, race, religion, gender, etc., and protecting minority rights.
Promoting diversity and multiculturalism may facilitate fairness and respect for all people.
It should not compromise individual identity or limit freedom of choice. People should retain their heritage but embrace new cultures willingly without feeling pressured into assimilating.
What does justice look like in a world that demands assimilation as the price of acceptance?
Justice looks different for everyone, but in a world where assimilation is demanded for acceptance, it can be difficult to define what is just. For some, justice may mean having equal opportunities and treatment regardless of their background or identity. Others may believe that justice means being able to express themselves freely without fear of repercussions.