Sexual Psychology: The Dual Control Model of Arousal
How to use anatomy to achieve orgasm
The dual control model (Bancroft & Janssen, 2000) proposes that sexual arousal is governed by a balance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. Some people have highly sensitive "brakes" (inhibition), others have more responsive "accelerators" (excitation). Understanding one's own arousal threshold can aid in reducing performance anxiety, avoiding unwanted situations, and improving pleasure. This model also underscores how context—stress, shame, or novelty—can dramatically affect arousal.
Arousal occurs when neurons fire throughout the body and brain in response to sexual stimuli. In women, these include vaginal lubrication, nipple hardness, and clitoral swelling. Men may experience erection. Excitement leads to increased heart rate and blood flow, sensations of warmth, and intense desire. Pleasure is associated with orgasmic release of tension from muscles and endorphins.
Arousal can be impeded by cognitive processes such as guilt, fear, or worry. The prefrontal cortex inhibits genital responses by sending signals to the hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. Inhibitory neurotransmitters such as serotonin and noradrenaline reduce brain activity and block sexual sensations. Sexual stimulation can overcome inhibition if it exceeds the arousal threshold.
The dorsal column carries touch and position sensations upward through the nervous system to higher brain centers like the amygdala, which regulates emotions. The ventral pathway conveys tactile information from erogenous zones to lower parts of the brain. If this pathway is intact, a person can focus on touch and respond without conscious thought.
Practicing mindfulness may help manage performance anxiety by reducing self-consciousness and enhancing awareness of physical sensations. Learning about one's own arousal pattern can inform sexual behavior and improve relationships. Communicating openly about desires, boundaries, and expectations can increase trust and mutual respect.
Sexual Psychology: The Dual Control Model of Arousal - Final Thoughts
In conclusion, understanding how the dual control model works can aid in improving sexual functioning. It underscores the importance of context in regulating arousal and the role of cognitive processes in inhibiting pleasure. Applying knowledge of anatomy can enhance orgasmic experiences by focusing on subtle touch and managing stress. Mindfulness and communication with partners can also promote a healthier relationship.