The idea that individuals' wellbeing is a primary goal is generally accepted within modern ethics. This principle emphasizes that people are morally obliged to seek their own welfare and avoid suffering, even if this entails some degree of selfishness.
Many philosophers and social scientists argue that there can be no general rule about what constitutes good outcomes for an individual. They claim that factors such as identity, culture, history, and personal experiences have a significant impact on how one defines happiness and fulfillment. Consequently, it might be problematic to prescribe a specific path towards wellbeing, especially when considering historically marginalized groups whose identities have been suppressed or pathologized. In this essay, I will explain why it is important for these groups to prioritize their happiness despite historical challenges and explore whether they have a moral duty to pursue this aim.
I will examine the unique struggles faced by those who have experienced oppression, including the impact of trauma, stigma, and discrimination on self-esteem and mental health. I will also discuss how these obstacles affect the definition of happiness, making it difficult for marginalized individuals to achieve a sense of fulfillment in a way that aligns with dominant cultural values. Second, I will consider the potential benefits of focusing on one's wellbeing, particularly its ability to promote resilience and empowerment.
I will address the complex relationship between collective responsibility and individual happiness, arguing that while society has a role in creating conditions conducive to wellbeing, ultimately, each person must take charge of their own life.
While historically marginalized individuals may face barriers to achieving happiness, they do not necessarily lack a moral imperative to prioritize their wellbeing.
The first section addresses the ways in which social marginalization can impact an individual's concept of happiness. Historically oppressed populations, such as racial minorities and LGBTQ+ communities, often experience various forms of stigmatization and prejudice, which can lead to psychological distress and low self-esteem.
People of color may be subject to racism, stereotyping, or microaggressions, resulting in feelings of shame, anger, and isolation. Similarly, queer individuals may struggle with societal rejection, homophobia, or internalized homophobia, leading to depression, anxiety, and self-doubt. These challenges make it more difficult for them to achieve a sense of contentment, as they are forced to navigate a world where they are constantly viewed through a lens of difference or inferiority. This is especially true when these groups grow up in environments where their identities are pathologized or criminalized, reinforcing the idea that they should suppress or hide their authentic selves.
Prioritizing one's wellbeing can help individuals build resilience and regain agency over their lives.
Practicing self-care and seeking support from community members who share similar experiences can provide emotional healing and strengthen identity. As a result, focusing on personal fulfillment can empower historically marginalized individuals to claim ownership over their own narratives and break free from harmful societal expectations.
I believe there is no moral obligation to pursue happiness, even if it means rejecting dominant cultural values. While society has a responsibility to create conditions conducive to mental health and wellbeing, ultimately, each person must take charge of their life journey. While collective action and social movements have played an essential role in advancing rights and equality for oppressed communities, ultimately, individual choices remain critical.
Deciding whether to come out, seek therapy, or engage in activism depends on unique factors, including personal beliefs, goals, and circumstances. In addition, different people may interpret happiness differently, with some valuing spirituality, relationships, or creative expression above material success or pleasure. Therefore, while pursuing one's happiness is vital for individual growth and liberation, it does not necessarily require a specific approach or outcome.
Historically marginalized groups face significant challenges related to mental health, stigma, and discrimination. These obstacles make it difficult for them to define and achieve a sense of happiness that aligns with mainstream culture.
Prioritizing wellbeing can help them regain agency and build resilience. At the same time, while society has a role in creating favorable conditions for all individuals, ultimately, each person is responsible for their path towards contentment.
Can the pursuit of happiness be considered a moral duty for individuals whose identities have been historically suppressed or pathologized?
While it may seem that the pursuit of happiness is an individualistic endeavor, those who identify with groups that have historically been oppressed face unique challenges in finding meaningful fulfillment and achieving personal well-being. Past discrimination and trauma can lead to feelings of shame, guilt, and self-doubt, which can make it difficult for marginalized people to see themselves as worthy of happiness and success.