How do relational and emotional competencies mediate the effects of discrimination and stigma on relationship satisfaction and mental health?
Discrimination and stigmatization are common experiences for individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, non-binary, or questioning (LGBTQIA+), affecting their overall well-being and mental health. Research has shown that these experiences can lead to increased feelings of isolation, loneliness, depression, anxiety, shame, and self-doubt.
Researchers have also found that LGBTQIA+ individuals who report high levels of relational competency (the ability to form and maintain healthy relationships) and emotional competency (the ability to regulate one's own emotions and respond empathetically to others) tend to experience greater relationship satisfaction and better mental health outcomes. This suggests that cultivating these skills may be an effective way to mitigate the negative impacts of discrimination and stigma on LGBTQIA+ people.
To understand how relational and emotional competencies contribute to relationship satisfaction and mental health, it is important to consider both personal factors (e.g., internalizing homophobia and gender dysphoria) and social factors (e.g., family support and community involvement). Personal factors can influence an individual's ability to communicate effectively with partners and build trust in intimate relationships.
Individuals who struggle with internalized homophobia may find it difficult to express their true selves in relationships or feel comfortable opening up about their sexuality or gender identity. Emotional competency is also critical for managing conflicts, resolving disagreements, and providing comfort and support during difficult times. Social factors such as family support and community involvement can provide a sense of belonging and validation, which can further promote positive relationships and mental well-being.
Relationship satisfaction refers to an individual's perception of the quality of their romantic or platonic relationships. It encompasses aspects such as emotional connection, physical intimacy, shared interests, mutual respect, and commitment. Research has shown that LGBTQIA+ individuals who report high levels of relationship satisfaction are more likely to have lower rates of depression and anxiety than those who do not. Relational competency can play a role in this by helping individuals develop and maintain satisfying relationships. This includes skills such as active listening, empathy, communication, compromise, and boundary setting. When individuals are able to form strong bonds with others, they may experience greater feelings of security, acceptance, and belonging.
Emotional competency is crucial for regulating one's own emotions and responding empathetically to others. This involves being aware of one's own emotions, understanding what triggers them, and managing them in healthy ways. It also involves being attuned to others' emotions and recognizing how they may be feeling. Individuals with high levels of emotional competency tend to have better social and interpersonal skills, which can lead to stronger connections with partners and friends.
Emotional competency helps individuals navigate conflict and stressors in relationships more effectively, leading to increased resilience and overall well-being.
Cultivating relational and emotional competencies may help mitigate the negative impacts of discrimination and stigma on relationship satisfaction and mental health outcomes among LGBTQIA+ people. By improving these skills, individuals can build stronger relationships and create a sense of belonging, reducing isolation and promoting positive well-being.
It is important to consider both personal factors (e.g., internalized homophobia) and social factors (e.g., family support and community involvement) when working towards enhancing these abilities.