The clitoris is an organ found on the female genitals that develops from the same embryonic tissue as the penis, making it a homologous organ to the male's primary sex organ. It consists of several parts, including the glans, shaft, crura, bulbs, vestibular bulbs, and urethral sponge, which are located above the vagina. During development, the external genitalia begin to form around week six of fetal development when the labioscrotal folds begin to fuse together. These folds eventually become the scrotum and labia majora in males and females, respectively. The clitoris develops from the corpora cavernosa, which is the same tissue that forms the corpus spongiosum in males. This tissue begins to swell during puberty and becomes erectile tissue. The size and shape of the clitoris can vary between individuals due to factors such as genetics, hormones, and lifestyle choices.
The clitoris plays a crucial role in sexual pleasure for women and people with vulvas. It has thousands of nerve endings and contains many types of receptors that respond to touch, pressure, friction, and other sensations. Stimulation of the clitoris can lead to orgasm, which involves contractions of the pelvic floor muscles, increased heart rate, and changes in brain activity. The clitoris is highly sensitive and requires gentle touch or stimulation to achieve arousal. Some people also prefer direct stimulation of the clitoris over vaginal penetration alone. In addition to its sexual function, the clitoris also helps regulate urine flow and is involved in the menstrual cycle.
Despite its importance in female sexual health and pleasure, the clitoris remains relatively understudied compared to other parts of the human body. Many myths and misconceptions exist about it, including the belief that it's only there for decorative purposes or that it will grow larger during arousal. These myths are not supported by scientific evidence and can harm sexual health education efforts. It's important for women and people with vulvas to have accurate information about their anatomy and how to care for it, such as through regular cleaning and avoiding harsh soaps or detergents on the area.