Most young people struggle with their sense of self-identity and social acceptance during adolescence. This is especially true for LGBTQ+ individuals who may feel marginalized or rejected because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Religious teachings can play an important role in shaping how they view themselves and others. Some religions are inclusive and affirming towards queer individuals, while others are non-inclusive and rejecting. In this article, I will explore how exposure to these different types of religious teachings affects self-acceptance, identity coherence, and mental health among LGBTQ+ youth.
Inclusive religious teachings tend to promote acceptance and affirmation of all individuals regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. They recognize that God loves and accepts everyone, including those who identify as LGBTQ+. These teachings emphasize that everyone has inherent worth and value, and that no one should be judged or discriminated against based on their sexuality or gender expression. As a result, LGBTQ+ youth who attend inclusive religious institutions may experience greater feelings of self-acceptance and reduced internalized homophobia. They may also have access to supportive communities and resources that validate their identities and help them navigate difficult experiences related to coming out or dealing with rejection from family members or peers.
Non-inclusive religious teachings, on the other hand, often condemn same-sex relationships and transgender identities as sinful or unnatural. They may perpetuate harmful stereotypes about LGBTQ+ people and promote conversion therapy or other practices aimed at changing their identities. These teachings can lead to lower levels of self-esteem, increased anxiety and depression, and higher rates of substance abuse and suicidal ideation among young LGBTQ+ individuals. They may feel isolated, stigmatized, and shamed by their faith community for being true to themselves.
Identity coherence refers to how well an individual's sense of self aligns with their actual identity. For LGBTQ+ youth, this can be especially challenging when they are exposed to conflicting messages about who they are allowed to be within their religious community. Inclusive religious teachings tend to foster greater identity coherence by affirming all expressions of queer identity. Youth who grow up in these settings may feel more comfortable exploring their own gender and sexual orientation without fear of judgment or reprisal. Non-inclusive religions, however, often reinforce heteronormative expectations and pressure individuals to conform to traditional gender roles and sexual norms. This can create a sense of dissonance between one's internal experience and external reality, leading to feelings of confusion and distress.
Exposure to inclusive versus non-inclusive religious teachings has significant implications for LGBTQ+ mental health outcomes. Those who attend more accepting institutions may report higher levels of psychological well-being and overall life satisfaction. They are less likely to experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than those who attend non-inclusive churches. In contrast, those who are taught that their identities are sinful or unnatural may struggle with feelings of guilt, shame, and worthlessness. They may also be at increased risk for suicide attempts and other forms of self-harm.
Religious teachings play a key role in shaping how young people view themselves and the world around them. Exposure to inclusive, affirming messages can promote self-acceptance, identity coherence, and better mental health among LGBTQ+ youth. Conversely, non-inclusive teachings can lead to feelings of rejection, isolation, and even self-hatred. It is essential that faith communities provide supportive environments where all individuals feel safe and valued regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. By doing so, they can help create a more just and equitable society for everyone.
How does exposure to inclusive versus non-inclusive religious teachings affect self-acceptance, identity coherence, and mental health among LGBTQ+ youth?
The literature on the effects of religious experiences on sexual orientation and gender identity is still relatively limited but emerging. Researchers suggest that some religious teachings may be more inclusive than others regarding gender expression and sexuality, which can affect how individuals view themselves and their communities (Fitzpatrick & Sherman, 2018).