The vaginal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining reproductive health. It is composed of a diverse collection of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that live in and around the vagina. These organisms work together to protect against infection and promote optimal function. One way they do this is by producing lactic acid, which creates a low pH environment that discourages the growth of pathogens like yeast.
When this delicate balance is disrupted, it can lead to a condition known as bacterial vaginosis (BV), which occurs when there are too few "good" bacteria and an overgrowth of "bad" bacteria. This imbalance can also make it easier for yeast to grow and cause a vaginal yeast infection. BV has been linked to increased risk of preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sexually transmitted diseases, so it's important to seek treatment if you suspect you have it.
In addition to lactic acid production, other factors can influence the pH level in your vagina. For example, menstruation and douching can change the acidity levels, making them more conducive to yeast growth. Douching should be avoided altogether because it disrupts the natural balance of the vaginal ecosystem.
There are many different types of yeast infections, but the most common ones are caused by Candida albicans. Symptoms include itching, burning, pain during urination or intercourse, and thick white discharge with a cottage cheese-like consistency. Over-the-counter medications such as Monistat can help treat mild cases, but severe infections may require prescription antifungal creams or pills.
It's important to practice good hygiene habits, wear breathable underwear made from cotton, avoid scented tampons and detergents, and avoid sexual contact while you're experiencing symptoms. You should also refrain from douching and use condoms during intercourse to prevent transmission of STIs.
If you experience recurrent yeast infections or have underlying health conditions like diabetes or immunodeficiency, consult with your doctor for further evaluation and treatment options. They may recommend long-term medication or supplements to restore the balance of bacteria in your vaginal microbiome.
Remember, maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiota is crucial for overall reproductive health. By understanding how lactic acid helps prevent yeast infections and taking steps to protect against imbalances, you can keep yourself healthy and comfortable.