The vulva is an external part of the female genitalia that can change in appearance and sensitivity throughout the menstrual cycle. During different stages of the cycle, various hormonal changes occur within the body which cause these changes to take place. This article will explain what happens to the vulva during each stage of the cycle and how it may affect a woman's sexual experience.
During the follicular phase, which lasts approximately 14 days, estrogen levels are low while progesterone levels are rising. The follicle begins to mature and prepares for ovulation. The labia minora and clitoris may appear larger than usual due to increased blood flow, giving them a fuller and more sensitive feeling. Some women may also notice an increase in vaginal discharge at this time. As the cycle progresses into the luteal phase, estrogen levels remain low but progesterone continues to rise, leading to further changes in the vulva. The labia majora may become firmer as the uterine wall thickens in preparation for possible pregnancy. The cervix becomes softer and more open, making penetrative sex easier.
Some women may experience pain or dryness during this phase.
As ovulation approaches, the follicle ruptures and releases the egg from the ovaries. Estrogen levels rise sharply and progesterone levels decrease. The vulva can become swollen and tender, and the clitoris may become more engorged with blood and highly sensitive. The labia minora may become thicker and redder, creating a more noticeable appearance. This can make the area feel more stimulating and arousing.
Some women may experience pain or tenderness during this time. Ovulation itself is usually accompanied by a temporary rise in body temperature and a change in cervical mucus that can be detected through testing. This change signals to potential partners when a woman is most fertile.
The luteal phase follows ovulation and lasts approximately 14 days. Progesterone levels continue to rise, while estrogen levels gradually decline. The labia minora and clitoris may return to their normal size and sensitivity, though they may still appear slightly enlarged. The cervix becomes harder and less open, making penetration more difficult. Some women may also experience cramping or discharge during this stage. As the cycle ends, menstruation begins and hormones drop back down to baseline levels.
Throughout the entire menstrual cycle, the vulva changes in texture and color.
During the follicular phase, it may be pinker than usual due to increased blood flow. During the luteal phase, it may appear darker and more bluish. These changes are normal and healthy, but some women may find them uncomfortable. It's important for women to understand what changes occur so they can communicate with partners about any preferences or concerns they have regarding sex.
The vulva undergoes various changes throughout the menstrual cycle, including changes in appearance and sensitivity. While these changes can make sexual activity challenging at times, understanding them is essential for both partners to have an enjoyable sexual experience. Women should talk openly with their partners about their needs and desires during different phases of the cycle and explore ways to adjust their approach accordingly.