What is trauma exposure?
Traumatic events are experiences that cause psychological distress to an individual. These include war, natural disasters, accidents, violent crimes, and abuse. Soldiers may experience traumatic events during their service, which can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, substance abuse, sleep problems, and suicidal thoughts. Trauma impacts cognitive processes like memory, perception, attention, decision making, emotion regulation, and self-control. It also affects interpersonal skills such as empathy, trust, communication, and relationship formation. Long-term relational decision-making involves choosing between options for long-lasting benefits while considering short-term rewards and risks. The impact of trauma exposure on this process has not been well studied.
What researchers have found about trauma exposure and decision-making
Researchers have investigated how PTSD affects decision-making. Studies show that people with PTSD are more likely to make impulsive decisions and choose immediate gratification over long-term goals. They may also be less likely to consider potential consequences and take greater risks.
They often prioritize survival over social connection, leading to isolation and loneliness. This can negatively impact relationships and intimacy. Other studies suggest that trauma exposure reduces emotional control and increases negative emotions, resulting in irrational decision-making.
These findings come from small samples or observational research methods, leaving room for interpretation.
How soldiers interpret the effects of trauma exposure on decision-making
Soldiers may interpret trauma exposure differently based on personal experiences, beliefs, and coping strategies. Those who avoid thinking about their traumatic past may deny its effect on decision-making, while others may see it as a constant threat that undermines their judgment. Soldiers may view themselves as damaged, defective, unworthy, or dangerous, leading to self-isolation, guilt, shame, or anger. Some may seek support from loved ones, therapy, or spirituality, which can help reduce the negative impact of trauma on decision-making. Others may rely on substance abuse, gambling, risk-taking, or aggression to cope. These behaviors can harm relationships, amplify distress, and worsen decision-making.
What does this mean for long-term relational decision-making?
The impact of trauma exposure on long-term relational decision-making is complex and varied. Soldiers may perceive trauma's influence on their choices differently depending on individual factors such as emotional regulation, coping mechanisms, and social support. They need access to mental health services, including PTSD treatment, relationship counseling, and substance abuse interventions. By supporting soldiers' mental wellness, we can improve their ability to make rational decisions in service and life.
How do soldiers interpret the impact of trauma exposure on long-term relational decision-making?
The interpretation of traumatic events is highly variable among individuals, and it can have significant implications for their relational decisions. Soldiers who experience combat stress may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can affect their relationships with family members and friends.