Sexual dysfunction is commonly associated with advanced age. Researchers have investigated how aging affects sexual function, including sexual response, sexual interest, sexual behavior, and sexual satisfaction, among long-term couples.
There are limited studies that focus specifically on older adults who have been together for decades. This review examines research on the impact of aging-related changes on various aspects of sexuality in long-term romantic partnerships.
Changes to Physiology
In men, testosterone levels tend to decline gradually after middle age, which can negatively impact libido and erectile function.
Penile size and girth may decrease due to decreased blood flow and hormonal imbalances. Women experience vaginal dryness due to reduced estrogen levels during menopause, which can make intercourse uncomfortable and painful. Both sexes also lose muscle tone and elasticity as they age, reducing physical strength and flexibility during intimacy.
Changes to Psychological Attitudes
As people grow older, their attitudes toward sex tend to become more conservative. They may be less likely to engage in risky behaviors or discuss their desires openly. Older adults often feel less comfortable expressing themselves sexually due to social norms, religious beliefs, or health concerns. They may worry about performance anxiety, body image, and fear of rejection, leading to a lack of desire or avoidance of intimacy altogether.
Changes to Relationship Dynamics
Long-term relationships require constant work and effort to maintain intimacy, communication, and trust. Aging can strain these bonds as partners face financial difficulties, health issues, and changing priorities. Emotional distress associated with aging (e.g., grief, depression) can further disrupt the relationship's emotional connection. In some cases, couples may separate due to divergent expectations for sexual activity or intimacy.
The aging process has many physiological, psychological, and relational impacts on sexual satisfaction and intimacy among long-term partnerships. These changes are not insurmountable but require an open dialogue between partners, willingness to experiment and explore new approaches, and a commitment to maintaining the relationship despite challenges.
How do aging-related changes influence sexual satisfaction, desire, and intimacy in long-term couples?
Aging-related changes may have a significant impact on sexual satisfaction, desire, and intimacy in long-term couples. These changes can occur due to physical, emotional, and social factors such as declining hormone levels, chronic health conditions, and decreased mobility.