Start the introduction by introducing the main subject matter under discussion. In this case, it is about whether institutional reforms or internalized ethical awareness measures moral progress. In the body section, there are two opposing views presented which will be discussed one after the other to provide clarity. This approach will give an insight into the core concept of each viewpoint. The conclusion part of the paper will summarize the arguments for both sides and offer recommendations based on the findings from the research undertaken.
Institutional reform
Institutional reform looks at how society, culture, and institutions change over time through social norms and values that guide behavior. Institutional reform has been used to improve morality across different societies throughout history.
Many scholars have criticized its effectiveness due to the inherent challenges posed by institutional power structures such as sexism, racism, homophobia, classism, ageism, ableism, and socioeconomic inequality. Despite these challenges, institutional reforms can still lead to significant changes in societal norms and values concerning morality.
Slavery was abolished in some countries because people campaigned for legislative change against it.
Internalized Ethical Awareness
Internalized ethical awareness focuses more on individuals' consciousness and personal growth towards embracing moral standards. It emphasizes individual choices rather than systems or institutions. It believes that morals begin with a person's conscience and not institutions. When individuals develop their moral compass, they become aware of what is right or wrong and make decisions accordingly.
Critics argue that this approach does little to affect institutional norms since it only addresses individuals' actions without considering larger-scale factors like laws, policies, economic inequalities, etc.
While the two approaches may seem contrasting, one must acknowledge that both are essential in measuring moral progress. Each aspect plays an important role in addressing moral problems facing contemporary societies. Institutional reform helps create a conducive environment for moral progress while internalized ethical awareness ensures individuals act according to their conscience. Therefore, both perspectives need to be considered when assessing moral progress to achieve optimal outcomes.
Is moral progress measured by institutional reform or by internalized ethical awareness?
While there are multiple ways to measure moral progress, it is generally agreed that both institutional reforms and internalized ethical awareness play crucial roles in achieving this goal. Institutional reforms refer to changes made at the policy level, such as laws, regulations, and organizational structures, which aim to create an environment where moral behavior becomes the norm.