The vagina is lined with a mucous membrane known as the endometrium, which continuously sheds and regenerates throughout a woman's lifetime. This process is known as the menstrual cycle and occurs in response to hormonal changes caused by the ovaries. During menstruation, the endometrium breaks down and discharges from the body through the vaginal canal. The shedding of the endometrium can cause bleeding, cramping, and other symptoms associated with PMS. In some cases, such as during pregnancy, the endometrium thickens and prepares itself for implantation of a fertilized egg. After childbirth, the endometrium may become thicker than normal due to retained placenta tissue, causing postpartum hemorrhage. However, this condition usually resolves within 6-12 weeks after delivery. If the endometrium becomes too thick, it may be removed surgically or treated with hormone therapy. The endometrium also plays an important role in the reproductive system by providing nutrients and protection for developing fetuses. Without proper care and maintenance, it can lead to conditions like endometriosis, fibroid tumors, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). These conditions are often characterized by excessive growth of the endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, resulting in painful periods, infertility, and other complications.
The vagina is lined with a mucous membrane called the endometrium that constantly sheds and regenerates in response to hormonal changes. This process is known as the menstrual cycle and typically occurs once every 28 days. It begins with the release of an egg from one of the ovaries, which travels down the fallopian tubes towards the uterus in search of sperm. If no sperm fertilizes the egg, the endometrium breaks down and discharges through the vaginal canal during menstruation. Menstrual flow can range from light to heavy and last anywhere from a few days to a week. During pregnancy, the endometrium thickens in preparation for implantation of a fertilized egg. After childbirth, some women experience postpartum hemorrhage due to retained placenta tissue. In rare cases, this condition may require surgical intervention or treatment with medications such as prostaglandins to promote uterine contractions. Endometriosis, fibroid tumors, and PCOS are all conditions associated with excessive growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. Treatment options include surgery, hormone therapy, and assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART involves using drugs, hormones, or surgical techniques to stimulate ovulation and improve chances of conception.