Peer norms refer to accepted standards of behavior that are widely shared among individuals within a group or community. They can be both positive and negative, and they often shape people's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Sexual expression is an important part of human life, but it can also be a source of stigma, shame, and taboo. Dominant peer norms about acceptable sexual expression have historically been highly restrictive, particularly for women and LGBTQ+ individuals. In many cultures, heterosexual men have been allowed more freedom in expressing their desires than heterosexual women. Gay men and lesbians have faced discrimination and persecution throughout history, while transgender people have often been seen as abnormal or deviant.
In traditional Western societies, dominant peer norms dictated that sex should occur exclusively within marriage between a man and woman who were legally married. Any deviation from this norm was considered sinful or criminal. Women were expected to remain virgins until marriage, and adultery was punishable by death. Men were encouraged to pursue multiple partners, especially prostitutes, without consequence. This led to an imbalance of power between the sexes, with men being able to control women through coercion and force. The concept of rape was not recognized as a crime, and consent was rarely considered necessary.
Dominant peer norms continue to shape our understanding of what is and isn't acceptable when it comes to sexual expression today.
Women who enjoy casual sex or engage in polyamory are often seen as promiscuous or slutty, while men who do so may be viewed as adventurous or confident. Homophobia remains rampant, with gay, bisexual, and transgender people facing discrimination and violence. Dominant peer norms also limit the types of relationships and intimacy we can experience, including kink, BDSM, and non-monogamy. These forms of sexual expression are often seen as deviant or immoral, even though they involve consensual adults exploring their own desires.
There are ways to challenge these dominant peer norms and promote healthier attitudes towards sexuality. Education about body autonomy, communication, and consent can help individuals make informed decisions about their sexual lives. Celebrating diverse expressions of love and desire can normalize non-traditional relationships and break down social stigmas. Advocating for legal protections for all people, regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation, can create a more equitable society where everyone has access to safe, satisfying sexual experiences. By challenging dominant peer norms, we can open up new possibilities for ourselves and others.
In what ways do dominant peer norms dictate acceptable sexual expression?
Peer pressure, social expectations, and cultural norms have been shown to impact individual's perception of what is an appropriate way to express their sexuality and desires. In certain cultures, gender roles are very clearly defined with regard to sexual expression, such as heterosexual couples being expected to adhere strictly to rigid gender roles that emphasize the male as the dominant partner.