Dual discrimination is defined as experiencing multiple forms of oppression or marginalization simultaneously. It often refers to experiencing racism and sexism together, but it can also refer to other forms of intersectional discrimination such as homophobia and ageism. Research suggests that this experience has negative effects on individuals' sense of self, trust in others, and ability to cope with stressful situations. This essay will explore how dual discrimination affects these three aspects of human behavior.
Self-concept
Experiences of dual discrimination have been found to negatively impact an individual's sense of identity. Individuals who face discrimination based on both race and gender may struggle with feeling accepted or valued by society. They may internalize messages from others that suggest they do not belong or are less than others due to their identities. This can lead to feelings of shame, low self-esteem, and a lack of confidence in their abilities.
Individuals who experience dual discrimination may feel isolated and unable to connect with others due to fear of rejection or judgment.
Relational Trust
Experiences of dual discrimination can also affect one's ability to trust others. Individuals who face discrimination based on both race and sexuality may be especially likely to distrust authority figures or institutions that have historically harmed them. They may also find it difficult to form meaningful relationships with peers due to fear of betrayal or abandonment. This can lead to social isolation and loneliness, further exacerbating the harm caused by discrimination.
Psychological Resilience
Experiences of dual discrimination can contribute to lower levels of psychological resilience. Individuals who face multiple forms of oppression may struggle to bounce back from stressful events or cope effectively with challenges. This is because they may view themselves as being at fault for their situation or believe that they cannot control the outcome of events beyond their control. As a result, they may become overwhelmed and withdraw from social situations, leading to further isolation and depression.
Experiences of dual discrimination can have significant effects on an individual's sense of identity, relational trust, and psychological resilience. It is important to recognize these effects and work towards creating more inclusive and supportive environments for all people. This includes addressing structural inequalities and providing resources for individuals who experience marginalization. By doing so, we can create a society where everyone feels valued and supported, regardless of their identities.
How do experiences of dual discrimination affect self-concept, relational trust, and psychological resilience?
Dual discrimination can have a significant impact on an individual's self-concept, relational trust, and psychological resilience. According to research, individuals who experience both racism and sexism may develop a more negative view of themselves and their abilities compared to those who only experience one form of discrimination (Pascoe & Smart Richman, 2009).