Medical and Psychiatric Frameworks Historically Pathologized Queer Identities
Sexual identity has been an area that was misunderstood for centuries. It is one of the most controversial topics in society and it has been debated about since time immemorial. In earlier times, people who were different from what society expected them to be were called abnormal, sick, or even mentally unstable. This included those who had different genders, sexual orientations, and those who engaged in alternative forms of sexual expression. The medical and psychiatric frameworks played a significant role in pathologizing queer identities throughout history. They used terminologies such as homosexuality, bisexuality, and transgender to label people differently.
The Effects of Medical and Psychiatric Frameworks on Queer Identities
The medical and psychiatric frameworks have historically viewed queer identities as mental disorders.
The Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classified same-sex attraction as a mental illness until 1973. This meant that anyone who identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual was considered insane by medical professionals. The effects of this classification were devastating. People who were labeled as mentally ill suffered discrimination, stigma, and mistreatment. They were denied access to healthcare, employment, housing, and social services. Many were subjected to forced treatment such as electroshock therapy and lobotomies. Some even died as a result of these treatments.
Lingering Cultural Effects of Pathologizing Queer Identities
The lingering cultural effects of pathologizing queer identities can still be seen today. Even though the DSM no longer classifies same-sex attraction as a mental illness, some doctors still believe it is a condition that requires treatment. There are also many religious groups that view LGBTQ+ people as sinful or immoral. These beliefs contribute to discrimination, violence, and hate crimes against them. In addition, there are laws in many countries that criminalize homosexuality and make it illegal for LGBTQ+ people to live openly. This denies them their basic human rights and makes them vulnerable to persecution.
How have medical and psychiatric frameworks historically pathologized queer identities, and what are the lingering cultural effects?
Historically, queerness was viewed as a mental illness that needed treatment through conversion therapy or even institutionalization. This has led to lasting stigma and discrimination for LGBTQ+ individuals. While medical and psychiatric communities now recognize queer identities as valid, there is still work to be done to destigmatize these experiences.