Sexual diversity refers to any variation in human sexuality that is not exclusively heterosexual. This can include sexual orientations such as homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, asexual, and many others, along with gender identities such as transgender, nonbinary, agender, cisgender, and more. Social norms are established rules or expectations about how people should act or think within society, often based on tradition, religion, culture, or societal pressures. They help shape our understanding of what is acceptable behavior and beliefs within a given context. While these social norms may have served an important role in maintaining order in the past, they have also been used to restrict acceptance of those who do not conform to traditional standards of sexuality.
One way that social norms restrict acceptance of sexual diversity is through the stigmatization of those who identify as LGBTQ+. In many cultures, there is still a strong stigma against same-sex relationships, which has led to discrimination and violence against members of this community. The media, family, religious institutions, and even schools all play a role in perpetuating negative stereotypes about homosexuality and other forms of queerness.
A study by Grossman (2018) found that children exposed to anti-gay attitudes from their parents were more likely to develop prejudice towards gay individuals themselves. This can create an environment where it is difficult for people to feel comfortable expressing their true identity and find love without fear of rejection or harm.
Another way that social norms limit acceptance of sexual diversity is through the promotion of heteronormativity. Heteronormativity refers to the assumption that everyone is either straight or cisgendered, and that these identities are the only ones that exist. This belief system creates pressure for people to fit into rigid gender roles and sexual orientations, often leading to feelings of shame or guilt if they cannot conform to them.
Many individuals who identify as nonbinary or transgender experience difficulties with accessing medical care, housing, employment, and education due to lack of awareness and understanding among service providers.
Many people may not know how to approach someone who does not fit within traditional categories of sex and gender, making it difficult for them to establish meaningful connections with others.
Social norms also restrict acceptance of sexual diversity through the promotion of monogamy. Monogamy is defined as having only one romantic partner at a time, and this expectation is deeply embedded in our cultural values.
Research has shown that humans are naturally polygamous, meaning that many people have multiple partners throughout their lifetime. This is especially true when it comes to nonmonogamous relationships such as polyamory, open relationships, and swinging. Unfortunately, these types of relationships are still stigmatized by society, even though there is no evidence that they cause any more harm than monogamy. In fact, some studies suggest that non-monogamous relationships can actually be healthier and more fulfilling (Bergner & Linden, 2017).
Despite these challenges, there have been significant advancements towards greater acceptance of sexual diversity in recent years. The LGBTQ+ movement has made great strides in promoting visibility and fighting against discrimination, while many institutions are beginning to recognize the importance of inclusivity and equality. There is now an increasing number of resources available to support those who identify outside of traditionally accepted norms, including therapists, support groups, and online communities. As we continue to challenge social norms and broaden our understanding of human sexuality, hopefully, we will see a world where all forms of identity and expression are celebrated equally.
How do social norms restrict acceptance of sexual diversity?
Social norms can be seen as shared beliefs about appropriate behaviors, attitudes, roles, values, and goals within a given group (Bem 1982). These norms often include heterosexuality as the only acceptable form of sexual orientation.