Question 1: What is normal functioning in therapy?
Normal functioning in therapy refers to the process of helping individuals achieve their desired level of mental wellness. This can include reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, or any other psychological issues that may be interfering with an individual's quality of life. The goal is for clients to feel comfortable, safe, and able to express themselves fully without fear or shame. Normal functioning also means being able to form healthy relationships, manage stress, and communicate effectively.
Question 2: How does normal functioning uphold oppressive norms?
The concept of "normal" functioning in therapy has been criticized for perpetuating societal norms that marginalize certain groups of people based on their gender identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, religion, disability status, socioeconomic class, or physical appearance.
Traditional gender roles may pressure women to conform to expectations around domestic duties, while men are expected to prioritize financial success above all else. Similarly, heteronormativity reinforces binary gender roles and limits expression of nonbinary identities.
Question 3: How might these norms manifest in therapy?
These norms can show up in various ways during therapy sessions. Clients who do not meet societal standards of beauty or attractiveness may be seen as unworthy of love or respect. People who identify as LGBTQIA+ may face discrimination from therapists who view their identities as deviant or sinful. Racial minorities may experience microaggressions or stereotyping in a therapist's language or attitude. Low-income individuals may receive less attention than those with higher income levels. Disabled people may be treated like they need to be fixed or cured rather than supported in their unique abilities.
The focus on "normal" functioning can create barriers to accessing mental health services for many vulnerable populations.
Does the goal of “normal functioning” in therapy inadvertently uphold oppressive norms?
It is true that the idea of "normal" can be problematic because it implies that there is one way to be and that any deviation from this means something is wrong. Therapists may have their own biases about what constitutes normal behavior and these may not necessarily align with those of their clients. This can lead to misunderstandings and misdiagnoses.