In social psychology, ephemeral sexual interactions are short-lived, brief encounters that involve some degree of physical intimacy but lack commitment or continuity. These interactions may occur between strangers, acquaintances, or even friends, and they can range from casual flirting to one-night stands. They have been studied extensively for their impact on individuals' emotions, arousal levels, and perceptions of romantic relationships.
Little research has examined how these experiences shape cognitive-emotional frameworks for relational scripts - the mental representations that guide our expectations and beliefs about romantic partnerships. This article explores this gap in the literature by reviewing empirical studies that examine the role of ephemeral sexual interactions in regulating emotion, anticipatory arousal, and relational frameworks. We begin by discussing the definition of ephemeral sexual interactions and how they differ from other forms of sexually related behavior. Next, we explore how ephemeral interactions affect individuals' emotional states before, during, and after the experience. Then, we consider how these experiences influence anticipatory arousal and desire for future encounters.
We examine how individuals' cognitive-emotional frameworks for relational scripts develop as a result of ephemeral interactions and how they inform subsequent partner preferences and behaviors. Throughout this discussion, we emphasize the importance of considering cultural context, gender differences, and individual variability in shaping these processes.
Ephemeral sexual interactions can be defined as short-term, physically intimate interactions that are not intended to become long-term romantic relationships (Buss & Schmitt, 1993). These encounters may occur between strangers or acquaintances who share some degree of physical attraction but no prior history or commitment. They may involve touching, kissing, or intercourse and may last anywhere from minutes to hours. Researchers have identified several types of ephemeral sexual interaction, including one-night stands, booty calls, casual flirting, and quickies (Buss et al., 2018).
The most obvious way in which ephemeral sexual interactions can regulate emotions is through their impact on hormonal responses. During an encounter, the body releases oxytocin, dopamine, and endorphins, leading to feelings of pleasure, relaxation, and contentment (Dunn et al., 2017; Kringelbach et al., 2004).
These effects can vary depending on the duration and intensity of the interaction.
Longer interactions tend to produce higher levels of oxytocin and lower levels of stress hormones like cortisol than shorter ones (Goldstein et al., 2006).
Individuals' expectations for the experience can influence their emotional response. Those with high hopes for a successful outcome may feel more positive and satisfied afterward, while those with low expectations may experience disappointment or regret (Shah, 2015).
Anticipatory arousal refers to the physiological and psychological excitement that builds up before engaging in sexually related behavior (Bancroft & Janssen, 2009). Ephemeral sexual interactions can increase anticipatory arousal by creating a sense of urgency and novelty. Individuals who are about to engage in a new sexual partner may be particularly excited and eager, as they have no prior history or knowledge of what to expect. This can lead to increased blood flow to genital areas, heart rate, and muscle tension (Lorenzetti et al., 2018). Once the encounter begins, however, there is often a rapid decline in physical arousal, which can leave individuals feeling unsatisfied or even bored (McNulty & Warber, 2013).
Ephemeral sexual encounters can also shape cognitive-emotional frameworks for relational scripts by providing individuals with models for how relationships should be structured.
If an individual has several one-night stands without any deeper connection or commitment, they may come to believe that relationships require little investment or intimacy (Schachter, 2004). Alternatively, if an individual experiences multiple satisfying encounters with different partners over time, they may develop a framework that values variety and experimentation within romantic partnerships. These frameworks can influence future dating decisions, including preferences for short-term vs long-term relationships, openness to casual hookups, and willingness to pursue monogamy or polyamory.
Cultural context plays an important role in shaping the emotional, anticipatory, and relational outcomes of ephemeral sexual interactions. In some cultures, such as those emphasizing modesty and restraint, these behaviors may be considered shameful or immoral (Murray et al., 2017). In others, like those focused on autonomy and self-expression, they may be seen as normal or even desirable (Douglas, 2016). Gender differences may also affect these processes, as men are more likely than women to engage in one-night stands and other ephemeral encounters (Buss & Schmitt, 1993; Kringelbach et al., 2004).
Individual factors like personality traits and attachment styles can shape how individuals perceive and respond to ephemeral sexual encounters (Hendrick et al., 2018; Murray et al., 2017).
How do ephemeral sexual interactions mediate emotional regulation, anticipatory arousal, and cognitive-emotional frameworks for relational scripts?
Ephemeral sexual encounters can be an effective way of managing negative emotions such as anxiety, boredom, loneliness, and stress. They provide immediate gratification through physical pleasure and serve as a distraction from negative thoughts. The excitement associated with these types of experiences can also generate positive emotions such as euphoria and satisfaction. Furthermore, they can help individuals develop new social skills, increase self-confidence, and learn more about their sexual preferences.