LGBTQ+ stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, plus all other sexual orientations, gender identities, and expressions that fall outside of the heterosexual cisnormative binary. Families play an important role in the development of children's identity, values, and sense of belonging.
When families reject their children based on their sexual orientation or gender identity, it can lead to emotional distress and negative impacts on self-esteem, attachment patterns, and emotional regulation.
Rejection and its effects
Rejection from families can take many forms, such as physical abuse, verbal harassment, disownment, neglect, and exclusion. This rejection can cause feelings of shame, guilt, isolation, and fear, leading to anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts in LGBTQ+ youth. Studies show that family rejection is associated with increased risk of mental health problems and substance abuse among LGBTQ+ individuals.
Self-esteem
Family rejection can significantly affect a person's self-esteem by making them feel unworthy, unlovable, and unaccepted. It can create a deep sense of shame and self-doubt, leading to low confidence and poor body image. This can have long-term consequences on their ability to form relationships, pursue education, and achieve success in life.
Emotional regulation
LGBTQ+ youth who experience familial rejection may struggle to manage their emotions and regulate stress, which can manifest in various ways, including difficulty coping with everyday challenges and managing social interactions. They may also engage in risky behaviors to cope with the pain and loneliness caused by rejection.
Attachment patterns
Familial rejection can interfere with the development of secure attachments, leading to difficulties trusting others, forming close relationships, and feeling safe. It can also lead to an increased need for validation and approval from others, creating a cycle of dependency and codependency.
Coping mechanisms
There are several strategies LGBTQ+ youth can use to cope with familial rejection, such as seeking support from friends, community organizations, or therapy. They can also engage in activities that promote self-care, such as exercise, meditation, or creative expression.
It is essential for families to provide acceptance and support for their LGBTQ+ children to prevent negative impacts on their mental health.
How does familial rejection impact self-esteem, emotional regulation, and attachment patterns in LGBTQ+ youth?
Family rejection has been shown to be detrimental to the mental health of LGBTQ+ youth. Research suggests that family rejection may lead to decreased self-esteem, increased anxiety and depression, and difficulty forming healthy relationships with others (Gilbert et al. , 2019; Russell & Fitzgerald, 2016).