Eastern religions have been influential throughout history, particularly in Asia. They include Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Taoism, Shinto, Confucianism, Zoroastrianism, Sikhism, Judaism, Islam, Christianity, and many more. These religions often share common themes, such as reincarnation, karma, meditation, prayer, compassion, and devotion to God.
Their views on premarital sexual conduct can be quite diverse. The most prominent Asian religious teachings - Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism - all frown upon promiscuous behavior and premarital sex.
Hinduism is based on ancient Vedic scriptures and modern interpretations. It has evolved over millennia into multiple forms, including polytheistic, monotheistic, agnostic, and mystical. Hindus believe that the soul is eternal and that one's actions influence future lives. Premarital sex is discouraged because it risks tainting one's purity and affecting future lives. Sexual acts are considered a sacred duty between married couples only, performed for procreation and pleasure. Adultery is viewed as a sin punishable by death or excommunication from society.
Buddhism also condemns extramarital sex and encourages celibacy. Monks and nuns must refrain from sexual activity entirely. For laypeople, though, marriage and family life are acceptable but must follow strict rules. Intimacy is encouraged within a committed relationship, but promiscuity is forbidden. Extramarital affairs may result in social stigma and loss of honor.
Confucianism emphasizes filial piety, harmony with nature, and moral excellence. Sex outside marriage is considered shameful, even if consensual. Women who have multiple partners may not find suitable husbands. Men who engage in adultery risk losing their families and status.
Taoism values balance, harmony, and non-interference. This philosophy views sex as natural and healthy, but not essential. It teaches moderation in all things, including relationships. Taoists advise against excessive lust or jealousy, which can lead to pain and suffering.
Shintoism focuses on ancestor worship and respect for nature. It accepts the inherent sexuality of humans and animals without judgment. While marriage is recommended, there is no condemnation of casual flings or group sex. The most important thing is to maintain purity and avoid pollution.
Zoroastrianism also recognizes that humans are sexual beings and should enjoy intimacy safely and responsibly. Premarital sex is discouraged because it disrupts spiritual purity and can lead to unwanted pregnancies. Marriage is encouraged to reduce promiscuity and support families.
Sikhism believes that sexual relations are sacred between married couples only, but extramarital sex is forgivable. Still, Sikhs should remain faithful to their spouse and avoid infidelity.
Judaism advocates monogamy and fidelity within marriage. Pre-marital sexual intercourse is prohibited except under special circumstances. Islamic law allows polygamy but discourages divorce. Muslim men must treat their wives well, while women may seek divorce if they feel mistreated.
Christianity teaches that sex outside marriage is a sin, but forgiveness is available through repentance.
Some Christian sects have been more tolerant of non-marital sex, especially among celibate priests and nuns.
These religions promote ethical behavior in relationships by emphasizing respect, honesty, loyalty, and selflessness. They encourage couples to communicate openly about their needs and boundaries. Unwanted advances, coercion, violence, and deception are all considered immoral.
Asian religious teachings view premarital sex as harmful or shameful but acknowledge its existence. Sexual behavior is best kept private and reserved for committed relationships. These teachings can influence psychological outcomes like guilt, shame, anxiety, jealousy, and isolation.
How do Asian religious teachings evaluate premarital sexual conduct, erotic behavior, and relational ethics, and what psychological and relational outcomes are observed?
While there is significant diversity within Asian cultures and religions regarding their views on premarital sex and erotic behavior, most Asian religions place emphasis on modesty, chastity, and respect for family values.