Combat Exposure and Its Effects on Sexual Self-Esteem, Confidence, and Body Perception
Many veterans who have experienced combat trauma are likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can lead to various physical and mental health issues. Among these issues is decreased sexual functioning, often leading to diminished sexual desire, satisfaction, and performance 1. Research shows that exposure to combat situations may also affect sexual self-esteem and body image perception negatively, resulting in negative consequences for both genders 2.
I will examine how combat exposure can impact sexual self-esteem, confidence, and body perception. To begin with, let's look at what defines sexual self-esteem. It refers to an individual's overall sense of worth regarding their sexuality, including their beliefs about their attractiveness, desirability, and ability to express sexuality effectively. This includes the way they perceive themselves as sexually competent, confident, and capable of maintaining fulfilling relationships. When someone has high sexual self-esteem, it enhances their emotional well-being by increasing feelings of self-worth, satisfaction, and fulfillment. On the other hand, low self-esteem can lead to anxiety, depression, guilt, shame, low mood, and relationship difficulties 3.
We will explore the effects of combat exposure on sexual self-esteem. Combat experiences can cause distressing memories, nightmares, flashbacks, or intrusive thoughts, which can manifest as symptoms of PTSD, such as avoidance of people or places associated with trauma and hyperarousal 4. These symptoms can reduce one's sense of safety and security, making them feel unsafe in intimate settings or situations leading to a decrease in sexual desire, performance, or satisfaction.
Veterans with PTSD may find it challenging to form close and trusting bonds due to the fear of being abandoned or hurt again, affecting their ability to connect with others 5. They may also have difficulty communicating their needs and desires, creating tension or conflict in their relationships, further reducing their sexual functioning.
Let's consider how combat exposure impacts sexual confidence. Confidence is an individual's belief in their abilities, skills, and competence that can influence their behaviors and attitudes towards different life activities. Veterans who experience combat exposure often struggle with self-confidence issues, including shame, doubt, and embarrassment about themselves and their bodies, especially when compared to those who haven't experienced war 6. The physical injuries, scars, or disabilities they may acquire during combat can also make them perceive their body as less attractive, valuable, or worthy. This can lead to feelings of rejection, low self-worth, and negative body image, all negatively impacting their sexual experiences. In addition, experiencing PTSD symptoms can create anxiety and stress that reduces one's capacity for enjoyment and pleasure, contributing to reduced sexual confidence.
We will explore how combat exposure affects body perception. Body perception involves an individual's thoughts, emotions, and sensations regarding their body. It includes how they perceive their appearance, size, shape, weight, and physical capabilities. Combat trauma can cause veterans to develop a distorted view of their bodies, leading to feelings of shame, guilt, and unworthiness.
Some may perceive their bodies as weak, damaged, ugly, or broken due to the physical injuries they suffered. These perceptions can significantly impact their overall well-being and mental health, making it challenging for them to feel comfortable in their skin.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a condition characterized by preoccupying and disturbing concerns about one's appearance, is common among veterans exposed to combat trauma 7. BDD causes intense feelings of shame and embarrassment about their bodies, leading to avoidance of intimate relationships and social situations.
Combat exposure can have lasting effects on sexual self-esteem, confidence, and body perception. Veterans who experience combat exposure may struggle with low self-esteem, lack of confidence, and negative body perception, resulting in decreased sexual satisfaction and functioning. They need support to rebuild their self-esteem, boost their confidence and heal from traumatic memories, creating a healthy sexual life.
How does combat exposure affect sexual self-esteem, confidence, and body perception?
Combat exposure can lead to significant changes in an individual's sexual self-esteem, confidence, and body perception. In particular, studies have found that individuals who experience trauma in combat are more likely to report lower levels of satisfaction with their sex lives compared to those who do not (Watkins et al. , 2014).