Hormonal contraceptives are widely used by women to prevent pregnancy. These methods work by releasing synthetic versions of hormones into the body that mimic natural hormone levels during the menstrual cycle.
Some studies suggest that they may also have an impact on emotional closeness between partners.
The most common type of hormonal contraception is birth control pills, which contain estrogen and progestin. These hormones can affect mood regulation and reduce stress levels. Some researchers believe this could lead to increased feelings of intimacy and closeness with one's partner.
Others argue that it could also cause irritability and changes in libido, leading to decreased intimacy.
Another method of hormonal contraception is the contraceptive implant, a small rod inserted under the skin that releases progestin over time. This may also affect emotional closeness by changing sexual desire or reducing stress levels.
Evidence for this effect is limited.
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) release levonorgestrel, another form of progestin, into the uterus. They have been shown to increase sex drive in some women, but other effects on emotional closeness are unclear. Similarly, the hormonal injection Depo-Provera contains medroxyprogesterone acetate, which has been linked to mood swings and reduced libido, potentially affecting emotional closeness.
Vaginal rings release estrogen and progestin directly into the reproductive system. Studies suggest that these methods may improve communication skills and emotional intimacy, but there is little research on their long-term effects on relationships.
Hormonal contraceptives appear to have both positive and negative impacts on emotional closeness between partners. While they can increase intimacy and reduce stress, they can also cause irritability and alter libido, making it difficult to achieve emotional connection.
Each individual woman must decide whether the benefits outweigh the potential risks.
How does hormonal contraception affect emotional closeness?
Research suggests that hormonal contraceptives may impact a woman's emotional state by altering levels of oxytocin and vasopressin, two key neurotransmitters involved in bonding and attachment. While some women report feeling more emotionally distant from their partner while on birth control, others find no difference in how they feel about their relationship.