The vagina is an elastic, muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the exterior of the body. It serves as the passageway for menstrual flow during menses, the release of eggs during ovulation, and the birth of babies during childbirth. When a woman becomes sexually aroused, the vaginal walls become lubricated and swell with blood, increasing its diameter. This allows penetration without pain or discomfort. However, when a woman has an orgasm, her entire pelvic floor muscles contract and squeeze the vaginal walls together, causing intense pleasure. The vaginal rugae help to support this process. The vagina's natural folds are called rugae, which means they have ridges and folds like a corrugated sheet of paper. These folds allow the vaginal walls to expand and contract around an object such as a penis or dildo without tearing or damaging the tissue. They also provide friction during intercourse, giving it sensation and enhancing pleasure. The number and shape of these ridges vary between individuals but can be examined by a doctor or nurse practitioner during a pelvic examination.
During sexual activity, the vagina secretes lubricant to reduce friction, making sex more pleasurable. Additionally, the clitoris (located outside the vagina) becomes engorged and swollen, which increases stimulation and arousal. During a typical sexual encounter, women may experience multiple orgasms through vaginal stimulation alone or in combination with clitoral stimulation. Some women can even reach orgasm by thrusting alone. As with all parts of the body, proper hygiene is essential for maintaining healthy and functional vaginas. Women should avoid using harsh soaps or scented products on their genital area, which can irritate sensitive skin. Regular exercise, including kegels, helps strengthen the pelvic floor muscles that control the vaginal sphincters and keep them strong and toned. Vaginal dryness and discomfort can result from reduced estrogen levels during menopause, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or certain medications. In these cases, moisturizers and lubricants are recommended to help restore moisture and comfort.