The skin on the genitals is thinner and more sensitive than on most other parts of the body. It has no hair, oil glands, or sweat glands, but it does have pores that can become clogged. The skin is also prone to irritation, dryness, and friction from clothing, soap, detergent, chlorine, fabric softener, wipes, lotions, soaps, shampoos, and perfumes. Because of this sensitivity, genital skin is vulnerable to damage from bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
There are three types of bacterial vaginosis, which are caused by an imbalance between "good" and "bad" bacteria. This happens when certain bacteria multiply and outnumber others, leading to inflammation and discharge. BV may cause itching, burning, odor, and pain during sex. Treatment includes antibiotics and probiotics. Yeast infections are caused by a fungus called Candida albicans. Symptoms include burning, itching, redness, swelling, and thick white vaginal discharge. Treatments include antifungal creams, suppositories, tablets, or capsules. Trichomoniasis is a common STD transmitted through unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner. Symptoms include burning, itching, soreness, and yellow-green vaginal discharge. Treatment involves oral medications or topical ointments.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause warts on the genitals and spread to other parts of the body. There are over 100 types of HPV, some of which cause cervical cancer. The best way to prevent HPV is through vaccination. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) causes genital herpes lesions that appear as blisters or ulcers. There's no cure for herpes, but treatments can reduce symptoms. Genital warts are small growths caused by various strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). They look like pinkish-white bumps or cauliflower-like clusters around the genital area. Wart removal options include surgery, cryotherapy, laser treatment, or medication. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) weakens the immune system and may lead to AIDS. It can be contracted via semen, blood, breast milk, and vaginal fluids during sex with someone who has HIV. If left untreated, HIV can lead to serious infections and death.
A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats is essential for good genital skin health. Drinking plenty of water keeps the skin hydrated and prevents dryness. Avoid wearing tight clothing, synthetic materials, underwear made from cotton, polyester, nylon, rayon, or spandex. Avoid douching, which disrupts the natural balance of microorganisms and increases the risk of infection. Use mild soap and warm water when washing the genitals, and pat the area dry afterward. Do not use fragrant soaps or creams on the vulva or scrotum. Apply a small amount of moisturizer to the labia majora and minora daily.