The Chinese have one of the most ancient civilizations on earth. Over 20000 years ago, Confucius had already laid down ethics that helped to create an advanced society based on mutual respect for people from all walks of life. One of these values was filial piety, which promoted respect between parents and children, siblings, neighbors, friends, elders, and even strangers.
There is also a strong sense of duty within this philosophy. It taught that men must be disciplined and self-controlled to avoid temptation, while women should remain chaste until marriage.
It is considered proper for a woman to cover her body, hide behind a screen when entertaining guests, and never speak too loudly. Likewise, men were expected to refrain from flirting with women and keep their voices low during social gatherings. This strict code of behavior has influenced Chinese culture throughout history. It still influences contemporary societal norms regarding sexuality today.
Apart from Confucianism, other religious traditions such as Buddhism and Taoism also shaped Chinese morality. These religions emphasized harmony, balance, and moderation in all aspects of life, including relationships. They believed that human emotions could lead to suffering if not controlled appropriately. Sexual desire, for example, was seen as dangerous if indulged without restraint or discipline. Therefore, these teachings encouraged celibacy and abstinence for monks, nuns, and priests. Nevertheless, ordinary people were advised to enjoy sex within marriage and have children. But they must do so responsibly. They should strive for a harmonious relationship where both partners feel comfortable expressing themselves freely. This approach resulted in a unique set of psychological perspectives on sexuality and intimacy.
One way in which the Chinese approach sex is by viewing it as an essential aspect of life but not its only purpose. People are expected to control their desires to maintain mental and physical wellness. Traditional Chinese medicine holds that excessive energy can lead to imbalances in the mind and body. Therefore, overindulgence in any activity-including food, alcohol, and sex-can cause negative consequences like depression or disease. By contrast, moderation leads to healthy living and longevity. At the same time, there is no shame in enjoying sensual pleasures when done discreetly and with respect. The philosophy promotes harmony between opposites-such as yin (female) and yang (male)-to achieve balance in the universe and personal life. This perspective has influenced how couples interact sexually today. Partners explore their boundaries while honoring each other's differences and needs. This creates intimate relationships based on mutual understanding rather than power dynamics.
Traditional Chinese philosophies shaped attitudes towards sexual restraint by emphasizing self-discipline, harmony, and moderation. These ideals continue to influence contemporary society, albeit in different ways than before. Modern Chinese people still value family bonds and honor traditions that promote intimacy within marriage. But they now have more freedom to experiment with new ideas about gender roles, pleasure, and communication without fear of social stigma.
These psychological perspectives offer a unique take on sexuality that prioritizes personal growth through responsible decision-making and open dialogue.
How do Chinese religious and philosophical traditions psychologically shape sexual restraint?
According to traditional beliefs of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, humans have an obligation to follow the natural way of the world that has been established by the gods. Sexuality is believed to be part of this natural order, but it should only happen within marriage for procreation purposes.