The male reproductive system is made up of several organs that work together to produce sperm cells and transport them out of the body during ejaculation. In addition to the testes, epididymides, vas deferens, urethra, penis, and seminal vesicles are all part of this system. The prostate gland is an accessory gland that produces a fluid component of semen. Seminal fluid contains proteins, fructose, zinc, and citric acid, which provide nutrients for the developing sperm and create an alkaline environment conducive to their survival. During orgasm, the seminal vesicles contract and release this fluid into the urethra. As the semen travels through the vas deferens, it mixes with additional fluids produced by other glands such as the bulbourethral gland, also known as the Cowper's gland. This creates an alkaline environment suitable for sperm survival, neutralizing any potentially harmful acids present in the female reproductive tract. What are seminal vesicles?
Seminal vesicles are two pouch-like sacs located behind each testicle. They secrete a thick, white liquid called seminal fluid, which makes up about 70% of the volume of semen. Seminal fluid contains proteins, enzymes, fructose, and other substances that nourish and protect sperm cells. It helps to maintain the optimal pH balance needed for sperm function and facilitates their movement towards the egg. How do seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid?
The walls of the seminal vesicles contain several small tubules lined with mucus-secreting cells. These cells release a watery fluid containing fructose, calcium, and magnesium, which combine to form seminal plasma. The prostate gland adds another component to this mixture – prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) - which causes the muscles around the bladder neck to relax during ejaculation. In addition, the seminal vesicles contract, sending the fluid into the urethra where it mixes with other secretions from the vas deferens and Cowper's glands to create a thick, whitish fluid known as semen. How does the prostate gland contribute to the production of semen?
The prostate is a walnut-shaped gland located just below the bladder in men. It secretes a milky fluid high in protein content and low in sugar that lubricates the inside of the urethra. This fluid also contains zinc, citric acid, and enzymes that help neutralize any harmful acids present in the female reproductive tract, creating an alkaline environment conducive to sperm survival. During orgasm, the prostate gland contracts, forcing its contents through the urethra along with the seminal fluid produced by the seminal vesicles and Cowper's glands. What happens to semen after it leaves the body?
Once semen has been expelled from the penis, it travels up the vagina towards the cervix, where it meets the ova (egg). Sperm cells are then released from the head of the penis and swim towards the egg in search of fertilization. If successful, fertilization leads to conception and pregnancy can begin. The leftover seminal fluid is absorbed back into the body or eliminated via urination.