The impact of bisexual stigma on mental health has been extensively studied, but there is limited research on how this stigma affects individuals' developmental trajectory over time. In fact, many studies on bisexuals focus on their experience of social marginalization during adolescence or young adulthood, while ignoring the potential long-term consequences. This study explores the long-term psychological effects of growing up in environments where bisexuality is either pathologized or entirely erased from discourse, using interviews with adult bisexual women who identify as bisexual and have experienced such environments. The findings suggest that this can lead to a variety of mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, negative body image, and difficulties forming and maintaining close relationships.
Some participants reported feeling disconnected from their own sexual identity and struggling to form an accurate picture of what it means to be bisexual. These findings highlight the importance of addressing bisexual erasure and biphobia in order to improve bisexuals' well-being and reduce their risk for poor mental health outcomes.
Growing Up Bisexual in Homophobic or Heteronormative Environments
Growing up in homophobic or heteronormative environments can be particularly challenging for bisexual individuals, who may face stigmatization and pressure to conform to traditional gender roles.
One participant described how her family and friends assumed she was gay when she came out as bisexual: "I felt like I had to constantly defend myself and my identity." Another noted that her parents pressured her to date men and feared that coming out as bisexual would damage her reputation. This kind of rejection and marginalization can contribute to feelings of isolation and shame, which can take a toll on mental health over time.
Negative Impacts on Mental Health
Many participants reported experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem during adolescence and young adulthood. One woman described feeling "constantly worried about being judged" by others, while another said that she struggled with body dysmorphia due to societal beauty standards. Many also reported difficulties forming and maintaining close relationships, citing fear of being rejected or dismissed by potential partners due to their sexual orientation. These experiences can contribute to long-term emotional distress and interpersonal problems.
Lack of Clarity Around Identity and Belonging
Some participants also described feeling confused and uncertain about what it means to be bisexual, especially if they grew up without any positive role models or information about bisexuality. One woman explained that she "had no idea what bisexuality even meant," while another said that she struggled to find community and support from other bisexuals in her area. This lack of clarity around identity and belonging can lead to further confusion and uncertainty, potentially contributing to poorer mental health outcomes.
What are the long-term psychological effects of growing up in environments where bisexuality is either pathologized or entirely erased from discourse?
Bisexual individuals who grow up in environments where their sexual orientation is not accepted may experience several psychological effects in the long term. They can develop low self-esteem and poor body image due to feeling invalidated and rejected by society. Bisexual people may also suffer from anxiety and depression as they struggle to find acceptance and belongingness.