Sexual orientation is a personal aspect that refers to an individual's enduring physical, romantic, emotional, affectional, and/or spiritual attraction towards another person. It includes attractions towards individuals of a specific gender (heterosexual), both genders (bisexual), or no gender (asexual) while excluding those who have had genital stimulation or arousal from an animal or object.
It is important to note that there are more than just two genders - nonbinary people are also attracted to themselves or others outside their assigned gender. The acceptance of gay identities has been met with mixed reactions within society, where some groups advocate for its full inclusion, while others reject it completely. This paper examines how individual and collective psychology intersect in shaping the acceptance of gay identities within society.
Individual Psychology
Individual psychology can be defined as the study of the individual's mind and behavior, which focuses on understanding how these factors interact with each other and influence one's mental health. According to Freudian psychoanalysis, sexual identity is determined by the difference between what the individual desires and what they feel comfortable expressing publicly. In this context, homosexuality occurs when an individual represses his/her desire for someone of the same sex due to social norms and fear of being ostracized. Homophobia, therefore, stems from internalized shame, guilt, and self-loathing resulting from societal pressures placed on individuals who identify as LGBTQ+. As such, individuals experience conflict between their desires and beliefs, leading them to hide their true selves for fear of judgment.
Collective Psychology
Collective psychology refers to the shared thoughts, feelings, and actions of a group of people, often influenced by social norms, values, and customs. Society views heterosexuality as the ideal form of sexual orientation and expects everyone to conform to this standard. As a result, those who do not fit into this box are marginalized and excluded from mainstream society, causing feelings of isolation and loneliness. This perception of the 'normal' has been perpetuated through media representations that portray gay characters as deviant, abnormal or unnatural, while straight ones as normal and acceptable. The collective denial of homosexuality creates a culture of silence, where those who identify as LGBTQ+ cannot speak openly about their experiences without fear of rejection or violence.
Both individual and collective psychology play a role in shaping attitudes towards gay identities within society. Individual factors like repressed desires and internalized homophobia can lead to self-loathing and self-esteem issues, while collective factors like social norms and media representations create an atmosphere of silence and oppression.
Increasing awareness and acceptance have led to greater visibility, representation, and advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights, paving the way for greater inclusivity and equality.
How do individual and collective psychology intersect in shaping the acceptance of gay identities within society?
Individual psychology plays a significant role in shaping an individual's identity and perception of their sexual orientation. This perception is influenced by various factors such as family background, social norms, cultural values, religious beliefs, media representation, and personal experiences.