As people are increasingly using social media platforms for communication, it is important to understand how these sites affect their users' lives and beliefs. This study examines how exposure to sexualized media influences teenagers and young adults' perceptions of sexual norms, morals, and relationship roles.
How common is sexual content in social networks?
Social media has become an integral part of daily life for many people around the world. According to Pew Research Center data from January 2019, 84% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 said they used YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, or TikTok at least once. In addition, younger people spend more time online than older generations.
According to Pew Research Center data from April 2020, US teens aged 13 to 17 spent an average of nine hours per day on the internet compared to five hours per day among those aged 50 and up. As young people continue to use social media, it's essential to consider what impact this may have on them.
What does research say about the effects of viewing sexual content?
Exposure to sexualized media can negatively influence sexual attitudes and behaviors. A review published in 2016 found that frequent exposure to pornography was associated with negative outcomes such as lower self-esteem, more acceptance of casual sex, a higher likelihood of engaging in risky sex, and decreased relationship satisfaction. Other studies show that watching pornographic movies changes how men perceive their partners. The findings suggest that exposure to such media alters individuals' expectations regarding intimacy.
How do users interact with sexualized media on social networks?
Online platforms provide opportunities for communication, including sexual exchanges. Many users share photos, videos, and messages containing explicit content. Some sites encourage interactions through messaging or live streaming features. According to a study by Stanford University, 4% of US adults between the ages of 18 and 29 reported having participated in sexting (i.e., sending nude images). In addition, some adolescents report receiving unsolicited nude pictures or solicitations online. This type of behavior is particularly concerning because it can lead to legal consequences if minors participate. Moreover, it can cause embarrassment, trauma, or cyberbullying.
Does exposure to sexual media affect young people differently than older generations?
Sexual norms have changed over time due to cultural shifts and technological advancements.
Research shows that American teens are becoming less likely to marry, but they may be more open about exploring their sexuality. A survey conducted in 2017 found that 61% of American teenagers felt comfortable discussing sexual activity with peers compared to just 35% in 19888. As younger generations become increasingly exposed to sexually explicit material online, it is crucial to investigate how this affects their understanding of healthy relationships.
Studies suggest that age does not seem to influence the impact of viewing pornography. Still, further research is needed to determine whether there are differences between groups based on other factors such as gender, ethnicity, or socio-economic status.
To what extent does exposure to sexualized media in social networks shape adolescents' and emerging adults' understanding of sexual norms, ethics, and relational roles?
Adolescence is a stage characterized by rapid developmental changes that include physical, cognitive, and social transformations. Adolescents are exposed to various forms of media such as television, movies, music videos, video games, magazines, and social networks. These media outlets contain various levels of sexual content that may influence their perception of sex and relationships.