We will explore how religiously-infused moral frameworks can impact the process of internalizing societal attitudes towards sexual minorities such as LGBTQ individuals. We will begin by discussing what it means to be "LGBTQ" and provide an overview of the current research literature on the subject. We will then delve into the role that religion plays in shaping societal values and beliefs surrounding gender and sexuality.
We will examine the potential implications of these religiously infused moral frameworks for identity development and social integration among members of the LGBTQ community.
What does it mean to be LGBTQ?
The term "lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning," or "LGBTQ" refers to a diverse range of individuals who identify themselves as having non-heterosexual orientations or gender identities. These terms are often used interchangeably, but there are some important distinctions between them.
Lesbians refer specifically to women who are attracted to other women, while gays usually include men who are attracted to men. Bisexuals may be attracted to either men or women, while transgender people may have a gender identity that differs from their birth sex. Queer/questioning is a broader category that encompasses anyone who is exploring or experimenting with their sexuality or gender identity.
Current research literature
There has been significant research on the experiences of LGBTQ individuals, particularly in Western countries where they tend to face greater discrimination than in other parts of the world. One recent study found that LGBTQ individuals are more likely to experience mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse due to stigma and marginalization (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2014). Another study showed that LGBTQ individuals are less likely to be married or cohabitating compared to heterosexuals, suggesting that they face barriers to forming lasting romantic relationships (Gates & Newport, 2019).
It should be noted that this data does not account for differences in socioeconomic status, which can also impact relationship formation.
Religious beliefs and sexual minorities
Many religious traditions around the world have historically condemned same-sex relationships and gender nonconformity, often viewing them as immoral and sinful. This has led to widespread social rejection and persecution of LGBTQ individuals in many societies, including legal sanctions, physical violence, and even death sentences. While some religions have become more accepting of LGBTQ people in recent years, others continue to hold fast to traditional beliefs.
Implications for identity development and integration
The impact of these moral frameworks on LGBTQ individuals can vary depending on their personal beliefs and experiences. For those who strongly identify with a particular religion, internalizing negative attitudes towards homosexuality or gender nonconformity may lead to feelings of shame, guilt, and self-doubt. This can make it difficult for them to form positive identities based on their own values and desires. It may also create barriers to integrating into society, as they may fear rejection from family members, friends, and community groups. On the other hand, those who are less religiously involved may be more able to distance themselves from negative attitudes and focus on building supportive networks within the LGBTQ community.
While religiously-infused moral frameworks can shape attitudes towards sexual minorities, there is a great deal of variation among individuals in how they respond to these messages. Some may internalize negative views and struggle with identity formation, while others may find greater acceptance and support outside of their faith communities. The effects of these frameworks on LGBTQ individuals depend on many factors, including individual psychology, cultural context, and institutional structures. Further research is needed to better understand these dynamics and develop effective interventions to promote the wellbeing and social inclusion of LGBTQ people.
How do religiously-infused moral frameworks shape internalized homophobia, identity development, and social integration of LGBTQ individuals?
One study examined how religion influences the perceived level of acceptance of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgendered people, and queer (LGBTQ) identities among young adults. The researchers found that individuals who reported greater religiosity were more likely to be less accepting of these minority groups compared to those with weaker faith affiliations. Another study explored how gender roles are constructed by heterosexual couples within Christian households.