The fight for LGBTQIA+ rights has been long and difficult across Latin America, but it is important to learn from past successes and failures to continue this fight today. There are many lessons that activists can draw from the historical struggles of their predecessors in order to advance equality for all people regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity.
One key insight is that alliances between different groups are critical for progress. The movement for gay rights in Argentina began with an alliance between transgender women who had already formed strong networks among themselves and gay men who were increasingly mobilizing against discrimination. Together, they led efforts to challenge laws criminalizing homosexuality and advocate for marriage equality, eventually succeeding in both. This example shows how coalitions built on shared interests and experiences can be powerful tools for change.
Another lesson is that strategic choices matter. In Brazil, the movement chose to focus its energies on fighting against violence rather than on marriage equality, recognizing that violence was a more urgent issue in a country where police brutality towards gay and transgender individuals was widespread. This strategy paid off when anti-violence legislation was passed in 2013, making Brazil one of the first countries in Latin America to recognize same-sex couples as well as protect vulnerable populations from hate crimes.
International pressure can play a role in advancing LGBTQIA+ rights. When Chile decriminalized sodomy in 19998, it was partly due to pressure from the United Nations Human Rights Committee, which called out the government for violating the human rights of gay citizens. Similarly, international scrutiny helped push Guatemala's Supreme Court to strike down its ban on same-sex marriage in 2015.
By drawing on these lessons from history, activists today can build on previous successes and avoid common pitfalls. They can also learn from each other across borders, sharing tactics and resources to strengthen their movements and accelerate progress. As we continue to fight for equal treatment under the law, it is vital that we remember the importance of solidarity, strategy, and advocacy at all levels.