Sexuality is an important part of human life, and it influences both private and public spheres. In societies where traditional gender roles are dominant, men are expected to be heterosexual and women homosexual. Military organizations have historically had strict regulations against expressing non-heteronormative desires, which may create tension between individuals' sexual identities and their commitment to group loyalty.
Soldiers who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, pansexual, aromantic, etc., might struggle to reconcile their personal preferences with the expectations of others around them. This can lead to feelings of isolation, shame, guilt, fear of being "found out," and self-censorship.
Some studies suggest that there may be ways for these groups to integrate into military culture without compromising their identity or safety.
Expectations vs. Identity
The first challenge facing soldiers with non-heteronormative identities is navigating expectations in the military environment. Some militaries explicitly forbid same-sex relationships among personnel, while others tolerate them but discourage them. In either case, the culture tends to emphasize masculinity and heterosexuality, making it difficult for LGBTQ+ members to feel comfortable expressing themselves fully.
Many troops live together in close quarters, creating opportunities for romance and intimacy, yet also heightening concerns about discovery. As a result, they must learn how to balance their authentic selves with societal norms, often through trial and error.
Isolation and Shame
Soldiers may experience isolation and shame due to their differences. They may worry that other soldiers will reject or ridicule them if they reveal their sexual orientation or gender identity. This can create an additional layer of stress, as well as undermine their sense of belonging and commitment to the group. Some may even attempt to suppress their desires entirely, leading to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Others may turn to substances or risky behavior to cope.
Self-Censorship
Self-censorship is another issue that can arise from conflicting expectations. Soldiers who do not identify as straight may be tempted to hide their true feelings and behaviors out of fear of judgment. This can prevent them from forming meaningful relationships, which are important for maintaining psychological wellbeing. It can also erode trust between individuals within the unit, as secrets become harder to keep over time.
Self-censorship is harmful both personally and professionally.
Integration Strategies
Despite these challenges, there are strategies that LGBTQ+ troops can use to integrate into military culture without compromising their identities.
Some have created "safe spaces" where they can express themselves freely without fear of repercussions. Others have formed support groups to discuss common concerns and provide mutual aid. Some have found ways to connect with others online through social media or dating apps.
Many militaries now offer training on diversity and inclusion to promote tolerance among all members, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. These efforts help create a more welcoming environment for non-heteronormative soldiers.
Reconciling personal sexual preferences with collective norms and expectations is a complex process in any context, but particularly so for those in the military. LGBTQ+ soldiers must navigate cultural norms, fear of discovery, isolation, shame, and self-censorship while also fulfilling their duties as combatants.
With increased awareness and understanding, it may be possible for them to find acceptance and belonging within the military community.
How do soldiers reconcile personal sexual preferences with collective norms and expectations?
In some military organizations, there is an expectation that individuals will conform to traditional gender roles, including heteronormative behavior when it comes to sexuality. This can be challenging for people who identify as LGBTQ+, especially if they are closeted. Reconciling personal sexual preferences with collective norms and expectations requires navigating complex intersections of identity, relationships, and social norms.