The penile shaft contains two corpora cavernosa that fill with blood during erection.
The penile shaft is an elongated and cylindrical structure that extends from the base of the male genitalia to the tip of the glans penis. It is made up of three main parts - the root, the body, and the glans - each with its own unique functions. During sexual stimulation, the corpora cavernosa are filled with blood, which causes the penis to become firm and erect. This process occurs through a series of complex physiological mechanisms involving the brain, hormones, nerves, and muscles.
Sexual desire and arousal initiate the process of erection when the brain sends signals to the body through neurotransmitters like dopamine and nitric oxide. These chemicals cause the smooth muscle tissue around the arteries supplying blood to the corpora cavernosa to relax, allowing more blood to flow into the penis. At the same time, other muscles contract to squeeze off blood flow out of the area, creating suction and increasing pressure in the penis.
Blood flow to the corpus cavernosum begins at the top of the penis and travels downward, filling the sponge-like tissue with blood until it becomes hard and rigid. The average length of the penis varies between individuals but can be as long as 15 centimeters (6 inches) or more. Erectile dysfunction, also known as impotence, can occur for various reasons, including physical and psychological factors such as heart disease, diabetes, depression, anxiety, stress, and medication side effects.
Treatment options include prescription drugs like sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), avanafil (Stendra), tadalafil (Cialis), and alprostadil (Caverject). Lifestyle changes such as exercise, weight loss, and quitting smoking can also improve sexual function. Penile implants are another option for men who do not respond well to medications.
Sexual intimacy is an important aspect of a healthy relationship and plays a crucial role in maintaining emotional bonding between partners. It involves physical, mental, and emotional aspects and requires open communication, trust, and respect. Intimacy can take many forms beyond intercourse, including kissing, cuddling, massage, and sensual touch. Sex education and therapy are essential components of a fulfilling sex life and can help couples overcome challenges and enhance their relationship.