Polygamy is an age-old tradition practiced among some Nigerian communities where men are allowed to marry multiple wives. This practice has been justified under the premise that it allows for the creation of large extended families and the proliferation of lineages.
This practice also poses significant challenges to the social, economic, and emotional well-being of women involved, especially regarding their autonomy, relational strategies, and psychological resilience.
Sexual ethics in traditional Nigerian society dictate that a woman must be faithful to her husband, while a man can have multiple partners. This norm places more pressure on women to adhere to strict moral standards while giving men more leeway to engage in extramarital affairs. The resultant power imbalance undermines women's agency and independence, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and abuse.
Polygamy often creates rivalry between co-wives, which may lead to jealousy, competition, and conflict.
Gender roles are highly defined in traditional Nigerian culture, with men seen as the primary breadwinners and decision-makers while women take care of domestic responsibilities. Women are expected to remain submissive to their husbands and prioritize the needs of their families above their own. This cultural script limits women's ability to assert themselves and pursue personal interests outside of their domestic sphere.
To mitigate these challenges, many Nigerian women adopt various relational strategies such as cultivating support networks, seeking financial independence, or developing coping mechanisms to deal with stress. They may also draw on spiritual practices, such as prayer and meditation, to sustain their mental health and build resilience.
Despite the challenges they face, some Nigerian women find ways to thrive within the constraints of traditional gender norms. Some achieve success in their professions, others negotiate for greater autonomy within their marriages, and still, others develop strong emotional bonds with their co-wives despite the competition. These strategies allow them to maintain their dignity and self-worth while navigating a patriarchal system that often disadvantages them.
How do Nigerian traditional religious norms surrounding polygamy, sexual ethics, and gender shape women's autonomy, relational strategies, and psychological resilience?
Nigerian society is characterized by strong traditional values that emphasize the importance of family and community. Within this context, polygamy has been historically accepted as a way for men to demonstrate their social status and provide economic stability for multiple families. This practice also allows for the fulfillment of male sexual desire within the bounds of marriage.