Religions have historically regarded heterosexuality as the norm for human behavior and reproduction.
Many religions also recognize non-heteronormative sexual identities like bisexuality, pansexuality, asexuality, polyamory, etc., and incorporate them into their belief systems and practices. Some argue that these religious frameworks can be used to validate non-heteronormativity, while others believe they are designed to suppress such behaviors.
Hinduism
Hinduism has a long tradition of accepting and validating different kinds of sexual orientations and genders. The third gender category is seen as an integral part of society, with its own unique set of rituals and customs. Hindus believe that God created all people, including those who identify outside of traditional gender roles, and that they should be accepted and celebrated. This attitude is reflected in various texts, including the Vedas, which state that "God created man and woman from one essence" and that everyone is made in His image.
Islam
Islamic law recognizes homosexuality as a crime, but it does not condemn transgender people or intersex individuals. In fact, some scholars suggest that there may be room for interpretation when it comes to defining what constitutes a sinful act.
Many Muslims believe that same-sex relations are wrong because they disrupt the natural order of creation, but they do not necessarily view all forms of intimacy as unlawful.
Christianity
Christianity has historically viewed sexual acts between members of the same sex as immoral, but it also acknowledges the existence of people who experience attractions beyond heterosexuality. While the Bible does not explicitly mention homosexuality, it does speak about marriage and procreation.
Some Christians argue that sexual orientation is not inherently sinful, and that people who identify as LGBTQ+ can still live fulfilling lives while following their faith.
Judaism
Jewish law is complex when it comes to non-heteronormative relationships, but it generally regards them as forbidden. Some rabbis have interpreted certain passages of scripture as prohibiting homosexual behavior, while others focus on the importance of procreation. Jewish tradition holds that same-sex relationships are not valid marriages, but they do acknowledge the presence of bisexuality and trans identities.
How are non-heteronormative sexualities included, ritualized, or suppressed in religious frameworks?
Diverse forms of spirituality have different approaches towards non-heteronormative sexualities. Some religions like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam include LGBTQ individuals as members who can receive blessings from God but must refrain from sexually active relationships that violate their faith's principles. Other religions such as Hinduism consider same-sex behavior a part of divine creation and encourage it with rituals.