The vulva is an area of skin surrounding the opening to the vagina. It includes the labia majora (outer lips), labia minora (inner lips), clitoris, urethral opening, and entrance to the vagina. The vagina is a muscular tube connecting the cervix (the lower end of the uterus) to the outside world. The term "vulva" describes both the outer part and the inner parts collectively. "Vulva" refers specifically to the external genitalia, while "vagina" refers exclusively to the internal canal. Despite their differences, they are often confused. This article will explain how to distinguish between them and provide details about each structure.
The labia majora (plural of labium) are large, hairy folds of skin that protect the rest of the vulva. They extend from the pubic bone and meet at the mons pubis, forming a smooth curve known as the mound of Venus or pudendum. The labia majora have sebaceous glands that produce lubricating fluids for sexual arousal and wet dreams. Inside the labia majora lies the adipose tissue, which provides cushioning during intercourse and gives the appearance of fullness. The size and shape of these folds vary among individuals, but all people have two pairs.
The labia minora (minor lips) are smaller, more sensitive, and inner folds of skin covering the clitoris. The word "labia" comes from the Latin word meaning "lip," referring to the pink color of the tissue. The labia minora also contain sebaceous glands that secrete oil. In some women, the labia minora protrude beyond the labia majora, creating an inverted triangle of flesh called the clitoral hood. Others may not have this distinction due to lack of fatty tissue in the area. The clitoris is a small, pea-shaped organ located just below the surface of the labia minora. It contains thousands of nerve endings and is highly erogenous, making it a primary source of pleasure during sexual activity.
The urethra is the narrow channel through which urine passes from the bladder out of the body. In females, it opens just above the vagina and can be difficult to distinguish from the entrance to the vagina without close inspection. The clitoris can be stimulated by touch or pressure on this opening during foreplay or sex. However, it is important to note that urination and orgasm come from different parts of the body and should never occur simultaneously.
The vagina is a muscular canal about 3-5 inches long with a slightly acidic pH balance that supports the growth of beneficial bacteria. Its walls expand and contract during arousal and contraction to allow for intercourse and childbirth. During menstruation, blood flows out through the cervix into the vaginal canal. Vaginal discharge (or "mucus") protects against infection and helps maintain healthy bacterial levels. Sexual activity should involve cleanliness and use of barrier protection such as condoms.
In conclusion, while both vulva and vagina are essential components of female anatomy, they serve distinct functions. Understanding these structures can improve intimacy and reduce embarrassment regarding genitalia. Remember that proper terminology matters when discussing one's sexuality and health.