Males produce millions of sperm daily—roughly 1,500 per second. Every day, a man produces up to 45 million sperm cells in his testes. They live for around three months inside the body until they are ejaculated during an orgasm. This is how male fertility works.
Sexual intercourse is when a man inserts his penis into a woman's vagina and moves it in and out while she rubs her clitoris to create pleasure and release hormones that cause her to have an orgasm. During this time, semen travels from the man's scrotum through tubes called vas deferens to the urethra, where it mixes with fluids produced by glands called Cowper's glands. The mixture of semen and Cowper's fluid forms seminal plasma, which is then ejected from the body in a process called ejaculation. Semen contains sperm cells as well as other substances such as fructose and proteins.
The average adult male has a testicle size between 3.2 inches and 4 inches long and about two inches wide. Each testicle contains hundreds of tiny coiled structures called seminiferous tubules, where sperm cells develop. Sperm cells start off as immature cells called germ cells. Once matured, these cells move through the seminiferous tubule and out into the epididymis—a structure attached to the back of each testicle.
At the beginning of puberty, the testicles begin producing sperm and will continue doing so for the rest of a man's life. The testes also produce testosterone, a hormone responsible for male characteristics like facial hair growth and deepening of the voice. Puberty typically begins around age 10-13 in males but can vary depending on genetics, diet, exercise, and environment.
While sperm production continues throughout adulthood, there are times when it may be affected by illness or injury. For example, infertility could occur if the testicles become inflamed due to an infection or tumor, or if they don't receive enough blood flow because of conditions like varicocele or hydrocele. Certain medications, radiation therapy, chemotherapy drugs, and surgery may also affect sperm production.
In summary, males produce millions of sperm daily. They travel from the testes through the vas deferens to the urethra, where they mix with Cowper's fluid to create semen. Semen is then ejaculated during sexual intercourse. The average adult male has two testicles that continuously produce sperm cells. However, environmental factors such as disease or injury can impact fertility levels.